Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of materials

A

Metals, ceramics, polymers, and semiconductors

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2
Q

What are the structures of materials in different scales

A

atomic, microscopic, macroscopic

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3
Q

What are the different properties of materials

A

6: mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, magnetic and deteriorative

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4
Q

Whats material science vs engineering

A

science: studying structures and properties and their relation

engineering: designing structures with pre-determined properties

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5
Q

Explain the subatomic level

A

electronic structure of each atom that defines the way they interact among other atoms

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6
Q

Explain the atomic level

A

how atoms are arranged in materials (isotopes)

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7
Q

Microscopic vs microscopic

A

micro: small
macro: naked eye

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8
Q

metric system conversion

A

T G M k h da Base d c m u n p

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9
Q

How much is an angstrom? What is it used to measure?

A

10^-10m
inter-atoms

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10
Q

What prefix used to measure microelectronics? Quantum dot? cellular shit

A

micrometer, nanometer/micro, nanometer

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11
Q

What are the different properties?

A

Mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, deteriorative/chemical

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12
Q

Describe mechanical properties

A

Modulus (how elastic) , toughness, strength, hardness

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13
Q

What is modulus

A

How elastic something is

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14
Q

Describe electrical property

A

conductivity, resistivity, dielectric constant (amount of electric potential energy)

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15
Q

Describe thermal property

A

heat capacity, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity

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16
Q

Describe magnetic property

A

Diamagnetic: not attracted to external magnetic fields

paramagnetic: attracted to external magnetic fields

ferromagnetic: highly attracted to external magnetic fields

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17
Q

Describe optical properties

A

reflectivity, absorption (opaque, translucent, transparent), transmission

18
Q

What is optical transmission

A

using light to travel through an optical fiber, converting it into electrical signals as the receiver (form of communication)

translucent, opaque, transparent

19
Q

Describe deteriorative and chemical properties

A

Oxidation, corrosion, irradiation (exposing to radiation)

20
Q

How do properties, structure and processing relate

A

properties depend on structure. Processing can change the structure

21
Q

electrical resistivity of copper with temperature and impurities

A

the more impurities, deforming and inc temperature, the more resistive it is

22
Q

what happens when you add zinc to copper

A

increases thermal conductivity

23
Q

What makes aluminum oxide different light transmissions

A

single crystals allows for light to be transparent high degree of perfection

lots of polycrystals low porosity: translucent; lots of small single crystals connected, boundaries scattering light from printed page

lots of polycrystals high porosity: opaque; lots of small interconnected cyrstals with pores that scatter light

24
Q

Describe metals

A

has valence electrons detached from atoms and spread in electron sea

Good conductors, of heat and electricity

tough, strong and deformable

Dense

25
What's ductile
deformable
26
Describe semiconductors
The bonding is covalent. semmi CONDUCTORS sensitive to impurities
27
Describe ceramics
either behave like positive or negative ions and bond by Coulomb forces. Made of metals atoms and oxides, nitrides and carbides (CON) Insulator of heat and electricity Hard but brittle
28
Describe polymers
large organic molecules based on carbon, hydrogen, other nonmetallic Plastic, rubber, soft, flexible, light
29
Describe composites
Combination of metals, ceramics and polymers
30
Describe fiberglass properties
flexible fiber, strong glass
31
Material selection process
Choose what properties you want Choose what materials have those properties Choose the process your use to obrain a better product and to get shape
32
What are the differnt processes of making a material
Casting, Sintering( to heat and compress without liquifying), vapor deposition, doping forming (adding impurities), annealing (heat treating to change physical and chemcal properties)
33
Characteristics of nanostructured matierals
1 and 100 nm with unsusual properties Like electronic components for quantum computing
34
What's special about shells and mollusces
shells are hard tissue, mollusks produce powerful adhesive
35
cutting vs etching
cut, engraving
36
Whats bottom up vs top bottom?
bottom up is building things from basic level since we have microscopes
37
how bit are biomolecules and inorganic clusters?
5-15nm
38
What are smart materials
have a sensor and an actuator (performs responsive and adaptive function like change shape, temp etc)
39
Not important: what are the four types of materials used for actuators
shape-memory alloys (metals): change shape with temperature piezoelectric ceramics: expand and contract with electric field (voltage) magnetostrictive materials: analogous to piezoelectrics but respond to magnetic field electorheological/magnetorheological fluids: different viscosity with application of electric and magnetic fields
40
Whats an alloy
a combination of two or more elements (usually metals)