Introduction Flashcards
is the area of biology
concerned with the relationship
phenomenon called Parasitism
Parasitology
is the study of parasites, their
life cycle, morphology, pathogenicity, transmission, epidemiology, and control
(including diagnosis, treatment and prevention).
parasitology
Scope of Veterinary Parasitology:
- Vet. Entomology
- Vet. Protozoology
- Vet. Helminthology
concerned with the study of parasitic arthropods, insects, ticks, mites, and pentastomids.
Vet. Entomology
concerns with the study of parasitic Protozoa
Vet. Protozoology
concerns with the study of parasitic helminths (flukes,
tapeworms, roundworms, thornyheaded worms and parasitic annelids.
Vet. Helminthology
involves a host and a parasites
parasitism
is an organism which for the purpose of procuring food or food and shelter, visits briefly or take up abode temporarily or permanently outside or inside the body of another organism it
usually does harm.
parasite
- Grandfather of Parasitology
Francesco Redi
- Introduced obligatory parenthood for insects
Francesco Redi
- Described various kinds of microscopic animals
Leeuwenhoek
- Refutes theory of spontaneous generation in
worms
Bidloo
- Described, identified, and classified helminths
Linnaeus
- Gave scientific names to parasitic worms
Rudolphi “father of helminthology”
- Demonstrated that insects serve as intermediate hosts
Leuckart
studied parasites that
caused heart failure
Candido Africa (MD)
– fathers of Parasitology
Marcos Tubangui (DVM)
grandfather of Philippine
Parasitology
Liborio Gomez
animal does not exhibit
outward clinical sign.
Parasitiasis
animal does produce
signs
Parasitosis
Associated only with one species of host, or closely related hosts
Host/species specificity
Each parasite species has its predilection site or on the host
Organ specificity
Parasite that briefly visit their host to obtain nourishment but not dependent on them
e.g mosquito
Optional Occasional/Periodic Parasite
Do not permanently live upon their host but are dependent upon them for nourishment
e.g fleas and ticks
Obligate Occasional Parasite
Parasitism is limited to stage/s in their life cycle
Determinate Transitory
Parasitism extends from the time of hatching of the eggs to the time that the eggs are produced by the adult
e.g lice and mites
Permanent parasite
Cannot pass spontaneously from one host to the other
e.g helminthes
Fixed Parasite
Wander from its usual site
Erratic and abberant Parasite
highly specific parasite that affects man
eg. Enterobius
vermicularis
Anthropoparasite
equally specific parasites
that affects man and animals e.g. trichinella spiralis
Anthropozooparasite
man is essential for the life cycle
e.g Taenia in
man
enzoonoses
man is just accidentally involved
parazoonoses
external parasites; infestation
ectoparasite
infection internal
parasites; infection
endoparasite
Require a single host specie to
complete the life cycle
e.g Trichuris vulpis
Monoxenous/homoxenous Parasite
It requires 2 or more host species to complete the life cycle.
Heteroxenous Parasite
Affects broad range of final
hosts
Euryxenous Parasite
Affects narrow range of final
hosts
Stenoxenous Parasite
harbors sexual, mature, or adult stage.
eg. whipworms
Final or definitive host
harbors asexual, immature, or larval stage
eg. Dioctophyma renale
Intermediate host
carriers ; final host that harbors the infection but show no sign of infection
Reservoir or Alternate hosts
unnatural host in which parasites are accidentally
lodged and transmission is through ingestion of paratenic host
Transport or Paratenic host
Free living in nature can become parasitic in certain host.
Facultative Parasite
it must lead a parasitic existence
Obligatory Parasite
mistaken to be parasite
Pseudoparasite
From infection until egg is demonstrated
Prepatent period
From egg production by adults until it ceases
patent period
ANIMAL ASSOCIATIONS:
Symbiosis “Living Together”
Mutualism
Commensalism
Predator-Prey
Phoresis “To carry”
Parasitism
✓ any association between at least two living organisms of
different species.
✓ Each member is called a symbiont..
symbiosis
both organisms in the symbiotic relationship benefit
mutualism
only one symbiont is benefitted although the other neither benefits nor is harmed
commensalism
An extremely short-term relationship in which one symbiont benefits at the expense of the other.
Predator-Prey
✓ Smaller member of the symbiotic relationship is mechanically carried about by the larger member
phoresis
✓ One symbiont (parasite) lives on or within the other member (host) and may cause harm
✓ Parasite is metabolically dependent on the host
parasitism
Factors that influences the degree of harm done by
various parasites:
- Number of Parasites
Present - Location of the
parasites - Nature of their food
- Movements of parasites
- Age of the host
- Virulence of parasites
General Pathogenecity and Pathogenic Effects of
Parasites
- Absorbing part of the digested nutrients, vitamins and minerals
- Sucking of blood and lymph
- Feeding on the tissues of the host
- Causing mechanical obstruction or pressure
- Causing growth of nodules and tumors
- Perforating bloodvessels
- Causing wounds
- Destruction of tissues
- Irritation and annoyance
