Introduction Flashcards
Define: law
a principle, or rule designed to control or
govern the conduct
Laws provide broader policy or statement of
intent, while regulations provide details of how
the policy or intent is to be met
What are acts and regulations?
forms of written law
generally referred to as legislation
Laws provide broader policy or statement of
intent, while regulations provide details of how
the policy or intent is to be met
Discern between laws & regulations.
Laws provide broader policy or statement of intent, while regulations provide details of how the policy or intent is to be met
What are guidelines?
a set of standards, criteria, or
specifications to be used or followed in the performance of certain tasks
List 6 reasons for Food Law and Regulations.
- Protect public health
- Avoid adulturation of products
- Avoid misleading the consumer
- Avoid misbranding of foods
- Ensure fair trade between manufacturers
- Provide informative choices to the consumer
When was the first recorded indication that acute gastritis was caused by a specific organism?
- The 1880s - public health concerns about food safety and poisoning emerged in Britain
- Cholera epidemic;
- Four epidemics of Cholera ~200,000 people died
- Poor hygiene; leakage from a sewer to drinking water
When was the first law & regulation to protect public health?
- The Public Health Bill passed in 1848,
empowered a central authority to inspect new homes for proper drainage and that local water supplies - Notification of disease cases was begun in 1939
Victorian Britain
Which book lead to Food Laws & regulations in the USA?
- The Jungle by Upton Sinclair (1906)
- “workers sick with tuberculosis spat on the floor and then dragged carcasses across it”
- “meat rotting in storage rooms and carcasses covered with rat droppings were then made into sausages”
Give examples of Food Adulteration for economic gain.
- Adding water to wine or juice or milk
- Adding pulp wash and tumeric to orange juice
- Removing cream from milk and sale as whole
- Diluting olive oil with less expensive oils
- Adding cheap or unfit for consumption meat to high-quality meats
- Selling conventional foods as organic
- Selling farmed fish as wild
“The annual production of Manuka honey
from New Zealand is 1700 tons, the annual
sales of Manuka honey in the UK is up to
1800 tons. Moreover, honey sold as Manuka
honey globally is more than 10,000 tons per
year. This adulteration data reflects the
adulteration concern of Manuka honey”. (Yang et al., 2020)
Which harmful pathogenic microbes account for almost 90% of all global food poisoning? [8]
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Salmonella
- Clostridium perfringens
- Campylobacter
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus
- Bacillus cereus
- Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
Describe the human cost of food borne diseases in the US.
- Annually $5-6 billion (in direct medical expensies and lost productivity)
Describe the cost per case of foodborne illness by pathogen in the US.
What types of foreign material may constitute food adulteration? [5]
- Harmful
- Toxins (mycotoxins; bacterial toxins)
- Glass or other harmful extraneous material
- Unsafe chemicals
- Displeasing
- Rodent hair
- Insect fragments
What is misbranding/misleading?
- A failure to reveal complete and accurate information concerning a product or the presentation of information that is false or misleading
- e.g., “Butter Cookies” made and sold with vegetable shortenings
- “Orange juice” with less than 100% juice
Fair trade is based on […].
Fair trade is based on transparency and greater equity in trade.
