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introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Selective and Differential for Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp.

A

Xylose-Lysine-Deoxychocolate (XLD) Agar

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2
Q

Selective for Yersinia spp
• Indicators: Neutral red and crystal violet

A

Cefsulodin-irgasan novobiocin (CIN) agar

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3
Q

Isolation of C. diphtheriae
• Produces dark grey to black colonies

A

Cystine-tellurite blood agar

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4
Q

Isolation and growth of Corynebacterium
spp

A

Lowe Medium

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5
Q

For the selection and differentiation of
E. coli O157:H7 in stool specimens

A

McConkey Sorbitol Agar

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6
Q

Selective differentiation of staphylococci
• Inhibitor: 7.5% Salt

A

Mannitol Salt Agar

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7
Q

Enrichment and selective medium for
isolation of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis.

A

Regan Lowe

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8
Q

Enrichment and Isolation of Salmonella Spp.

A

Selenite Broth

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9
Q

Selective for Campylobacter spp.

A

Skirrow Agar

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10
Q

Selective for Campylobacter spp.

A

Skirrow Agar

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11
Q

Selective for Streptococcus pyogenes
and Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Streptococcal Selective agar

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12
Q

Selective and differential for Vibrio
cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus
• Indicators: Bromothymol blue/ Thymol
blue

A

Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts agar

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13
Q

Selection and enrichment for
S. agalactiae in female genital specimens

A

Todd Newith Broth

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14
Q

Isolation medium for C. difficile

A

Cycloserine Cefoxitine Fructose Agar

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15
Q

single-cell prokaryotic microorganisms which multiply through Binary Fussion

A

Bacteria

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16
Q

single-cell prokaryotic microorganisms which multiply through Binary Fussion

A

Bacteria

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17
Q

Size of the Bacteria

A

0.5 - 1 in with
1 - 3 in length (but 0.4 - 2 in length in some books)

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18
Q

Ovoid Bacteria

A

Coccibacilli

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19
Q

Rod-Shape Bacteria

A

Bacilli

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20
Q

Spirochetes Bacteria

A

Spiral

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21
Q

The naming of microorganisms according to established rules and guidelines.

A

Nomenclature

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22
Q

Microorganisms are named based on:

A

o Scientist who discovered
o Disease they cause
o Where the organism was first isolated

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23
Q

The process by which a microorganism’s key features are delineated.

A

Identification

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24
Q

Microorganisms can be identified based on their:

A

Biochemical Activities

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25
Q

Protect against Mechanical Disruption of the Cell and offers barrier to the passage of larger substances

A

Cell Wall

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26
Q

Protect against Mechanical Disruption of the Cell and offers barrier to the passage of larger substances

A

Cell Wall

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27
Q

The thickness of Cell wall is the Basis of __________

A

Gram Stain

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28
Q

Technoic Acic & Lipoteichnoic Acid are:

A

Gram Positive

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29
Q

Technoic Acic & Lipoteichnoic Acid are:

A

Gram Positive

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30
Q

Lipoprotein & Lipopolysaccharide are:

A

Gram Negative

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31
Q

• Serves an anchorage for flagella
• Its synthesis and structure are often the primary target for the development and design of several antimicrobial agents.

A

Cell Wall

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32
Q

Bacterial with ni Cell Wall

A
  • Mycoplasma
  • Ureaplasma
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33
Q

Bacterial with ni Cell Wall

A
  • Mycoplasma
  • Ureaplasma
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34
Q

Complex structures, mostly composed of the protein FLAGELLIN, that are intricately embedded in the cell envelope
- It is also the responsible for the MOTILITY of Bacteria

A

Flagella

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35
Q

Absence of Flagella

A

Atrichous

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36
Q

Single flagella at one end

A

Monotrichous

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37
Q

single flagellum at both ends

A

Amphitrichous

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38
Q

Group of flagella at one End

A

lopotrichous

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39
Q

Group of flagella at one End

A

lopotrichous

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40
Q

Entire surface is covered with flagella

A

Peritrichous

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41
Q

entire surface is covered with flagella

A

Peritrichous

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42
Q

Hairlike, proteinaceous structures that extend from the cell membrane into the external environment; up to 2 μm long

A

Pili or Fimbriae

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43
Q

serve as adhesins that help bacteria
attach to the host cell

A

Common Pili

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44
Q

passage of DNA (conjugation)

A

Sex Pili

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45
Q

Example of Bacteria with PILI

A
  • Neiserria
  • Pseudomonas
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46
Q

Immediately exterior to the murein layer of gram-positive bacteria and the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria

A

Capsule

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47
Q

Capsule is a Phagocytoc, Slimy are surrounding cell wall

TRUE OR FALSE?

A

False. It is Antiphagocytic & Slimy

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48
Q

Protects bacteria from attack by components of the human immune system

A

CAPSULE

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49
Q

The capsule also facilitates and maintains bacterial colonization of
biologic (e.g., teeth) and inanimate (e.g., prosthetic heart valves)
surfaces through the formation of ____________ or ___________

A

Slime Layers or Biofilm

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50
Q

The capsule also facilitates and maintains bacterial colonization of
biologic (e.g., teeth) and inanimate (e.g., prosthetic heart valves)
surfaces through the formation of ____________ or ___________

A

Slime Layers or Biofilm

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51
Q

Capsular Swelling Test:

A

Neufeld Queling Test

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52
Q

Bacterial structures that resist extreme environmental condition

A

Spores / Endospores

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53
Q

Spores has ________ which is the factor why it can resist heat

A

Calcium Dipicolinate

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54
Q

Bacteria that has CAPSULE which made of Polysaccharide

A

Kiebsiella Pneumonae
Haemophilus Influenzae
Neisseria Meningitis

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55
Q

Bacteria that has CAPSULE that is made with D-Glutamate

A

D. Anthracis

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56
Q

Target of Sterilization

A

Spores / Endospores

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57
Q

Spores are u adverse physical and chemical conditions or when nutrients are scarce, some bacterial genera (__________________) are able to form spores.

A

Bacillus (Aerobic)
Clostridium (Anaerobic)

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58
Q

• Also known as volutin granules or polyphosphate granules
• Intracellular storage inclusions found in certain bacteria and other microorganisms

A

Metachromic Granules

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59
Q

Much granules

A

M. tuberculosis

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60
Q

Babes Ernst Granules

A

C. Diptheriae

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61
Q

Sulfure Granules

A
  • Actinomyces
  • Nocardia
62
Q

Bipolar Bodies

A
  • Yersinia
  • Pasteurella
  • Brucella
63
Q

Staining that used for Metachromic Granules which have safety pin appearance

A

Wayson’s Stain

64
Q

• Circular double-stranded naked DNA
• Bacterial structure where the chromosome is located

A

Nucleoloid

65
Q

• Antibiotic resistance structure
• Extrachromosomal double-stranded DNA

66
Q

ACCORDING TO CARBON SOURCE:
they use CO2 as the sole source of carbon

67
Q

ACCORDING TO CARBON SOURCE:
they used reduced, preformed organic
molecules from other bacteria

A

Heterotroph

68
Q

AS TO ENERGY SOURCE:
uses light as energy source

A

Phototroph

69
Q

AS TO ENERGY SOURCE:
uses the energy produced by the oxidation of
organic or inorganic compounds

A

CHEMOTROPH

70
Q

ACCORDING TO ELECTRON SOURCE:
- from reduced inorganic molecules

A

LITHOTROPH

71
Q

they require organix molecules (CHO, CHON, lipids) for growth and multiplication; all bacteria that inhabit the human body fall into this group.

A

ORGANOTROPH

72
Q

most gram positive are:

A

chemoheterorganotrophs

73
Q

most gram negative are:

A

photoautolitotrophs

74
Q

require oxygen for growth

A

OBLIGATE AEROBE

75
Q

Example of Obligate Aerobe

A
  • Mycobacterium
  • Pseudomonas
  • Bacillus
76
Q

cannot grow in the presence of oxygen

A

OBLIGATE ANAEROBE

77
Q

Example of Obligate Anaerobe

A
  • Actinomyces
  • Bacteroides
  • Clostridium
78
Q

can live with presence or absence of
oxygen

A

FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE

79
Q

example of Facultative Anaerobe

A
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. Coli
  • Shigella
80
Q

can grow in the presence of oxygen, but grow best in an anaerobic environment

A

AEROTOLERANT

81
Q

Example of Aerotolerant

A
  • Lactobacillus
  • S. Pyogenes
82
Q

grow in a reduced level of oxygen ( 2-10% O2)

A

MICROAEROPHILIC

83
Q

Example of Microaerophilic

A
  • Campylobacter
  • Helicobacter
  • T. pallidum
84
Q

most bacteria grow well at pH 7.0 - 7.5

A

NEUTROPHILE

85
Q

grows at an acidic pH
Ex. (Lactobacillus acidophilus)

A

Acidophile

86
Q

grows at an alkaline pH
Ex. (Vibrio)

A

Alkalophile

87
Q

grows well at 0—15ºC
Ex. Listeria monocytogenes
Yersinia enterocolitica

A

PSYCHROPHILIC (CRYOPHILIC)

88
Q

grows 20—45ºC
Ex. Escherichia coli

A

Mesophilic

89
Q

grows at 50—125ºC
Ex. Bacillus stearothermophilus
Thermus aquaticu

A

thermophilic

90
Q

require concentrations of 5-10% CO2
for optimal growth

EX. Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria gonorrhea

A

CAPNOPHILIC

91
Q

require increased concentration of NaCl (salt)
Enterococcus spp. - 6.5% NaCl
Staphylococcus aureus - 7.5% NaCl
Most of Vibrio spp.— 8% NaCl

A

HALOPHILIC

92
Q

rejuvinance
initial phase
bacteria is adapting & adjusting
increase cell size

93
Q
  • rapid exponential growth
  • increase growth rate
  • increase bacterial cell number
  • suceptible to antibiotics
  • best phase to test anti suceptible testing
94
Q
  • no net growth
  • the number of living and death cells are equal
  • start to produce spores
A
  • PLATEAU (Stationary Phase)
95
Q

MEANING OF MALDITOF - MS in AUTOMATED INDENTIFICATION

A

Matrix assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

96
Q

movement of non-motile organisms caused by the movement of molecules surrounding them. This is not true motility

A

Brownian Motility

97
Q

process of artificially coloring the organism with dyes/stains

98
Q

SIMPLE STAINING

A

Methylene Blue

99
Q

INDIRECT/ RELIEF/ NEGATIVE

A

Indin Ink, Nigrosin

100
Q

Staining for Capsule

A

Hiss, Anthony’s

101
Q

Staining for Endospores

A

Dorner’s, Schaeffer—Fulton, Wirtz—Conklin

102
Q

Stain for Flagella

A

Gray’s, Fisher and Conn, Leifson

103
Q

Stain for Metachromatic Granules

A

Albert’s, Neisser’s, Ljubinsky, Ponder,
LAMB (Loeffler’s Alkaline Methylene Blue)

104
Q

Stain for Spirochetes

A

Levaditi, Silver impregnation, Warthin—Starry, Fontana Tribondeau

105
Q

Stain for DNA

A

Acridine orange, Feulgen

106
Q

Stain for DNA

A

Acridine orange, Feulgen

107
Q

Stain for Bipolar bodies

108
Q

Stain for Ricketssia

A

Macchiavelo, Gimenez

109
Q

Stain for B. Anthracis

110
Q

Stain for H. pylori

A

Toluidine blue

111
Q

Stain for H. pylori

A

Toluidine blue

112
Q

Stain for Mycoplasma

113
Q

Stain for Legionella

A

Dieter Silver Stain

114
Q

Stain for Corynebacterium

A

bismark brown

115
Q

Counterstain for Gram Stain

116
Q

Primary Stain for Ziehl-Neelsen Method

A

Carbol fuchsin

117
Q

Mordant for Kinyoun Method

118
Q

All spiral organism are ____________

A

Gram Negative

119
Q

All yeasts are ____________

A

Gram Positive

120
Q

Not gram stained:

A

Ricketssiae, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma

121
Q

Staining Method used for Mycobacterium

A

Acid Fast Stain

122
Q

To differentiate M. smegmatis/ M. lacticola (blue) from M. tuberculosis (red)

A

PAPPENHEIM’S

123
Q

To differentiate M. leprae (blue) from M. tuberculosis (red)

A

BAUMGARTEN’S

124
Q

For M. leprae: uses hematoxylin
as counterstain

A

Fite Faraco

125
Q

Uses Auramine - Rhodamine Dye
• No mordant
• Uses 0.5% acid alcohol as Decolirization
• 0.5% Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as Counterstain
• Result: Yellow against Black Background

A

FLUOROCHROME STAIN

126
Q

medium that contains all nutritional requirements to support bacterial
growth

A

Culture Media

127
Q

organisms which have grown on media

128
Q

contain specific nutrients required for the growth of
particular bacterial pathogens;
—to support growth of fastidious organisms

A

Enrichment Media

129
Q

contain nutrients that support growth of most non- fastidious organisms without giving any particular organism a growth
advantage

A

Nutritive Media

130
Q

promotes the growth of the desired organism while inhibiting the growth of others; contains inhibitors (i.e., antibiotics, dyes, bile salts)

A

Selective Media

131
Q

used to differentiate organisms growing together

A

Differential Media

132
Q

used to maintain viability of organisms during specimen transport

A

Transport Media

133
Q

What is Mueller-Hinton Agar

A

Media for Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

134
Q

Most bacteriology specimens are inoculated to ____________ plates, because this medium supports growth for all but the most fastidious clinically significant bacteria.

A

Blood Agar

135
Q

Enriched agar that is essentially the same as BA except that during preparation the red blood cells are LYSED when added to molten agar base

A

Chocolate Agar

136
Q

Nutritionally rich formula containing three peptone sources and 5% defibrinated sheep blood.

A

COLUMBIA COLISTIN-NALIDIXIC ACID

137
Q

disrupts the cell membranes of GN organisms

138
Q

blocks DNA replication in susceptible
organisms

A

Nalidixic Acid

139
Q

Used as a primary selective and differential agar.

A

Eosin Methylene Blue

140
Q

contains bile salts and dyes (bromothymol and acid fuchsin) to selectively slow the growth of most nonpathogenic GN bacilli found in the gastrointestinal tract while allowing Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. to grow.

A

Hektoen Enteric Agar

141
Q

Indicator of Hektoen Enteric Agar

A

Ferric Ammonium Citrate

142
Q

Frequently used as the primary selective and differential agar for the isolation and differentiation of GN bacilli.

A

MacConkey Agar

143
Q

An enrichment and selective medium for the isolation of Neisseria

A

Modified Thayer Martin Agar

144
Q

The enrichment portion of the MTMA includes peptone starch, amino acids, glucose, nucleotides, and the chocolatized blood, and the addition of ____________ provides a selective capacity.

A

Antibiotics

145
Q

The glucose and agar concentrations are LOWER than the original
Thayer-Martin agar, which improves growth of the _____________ organisms.

A

Fastidious Organisms

146
Q

Semi-solid media most frequently used in diagnostic bacteriology

A

THIOGLYCOLLATE BROTH

147
Q

acts as a reducing agent to create an
anaerobic environment deeper in the tube, allowing anaerobic
bacteria to grow.

A

Thioglycolic Acid

148
Q

acts as a reducing agent to create an
anaerobic environment deeper in the tube, allowing anaerobic
bacteria to grow.

A

Thioglycolic Acid

149
Q

Thioglycollate Broth Contains _______________ to prevent convection currents from
carrying atmospheric oxygen throughout the broth.

A

0.075% Agar

150
Q

As with HEA, _______________agar is selective and
differential for Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp.
• The salt, sodium deoxycholate, inhibits many GN bacilli that are not
enteric pathogens and inhibits gram

A

Xylose - Lysine - Deoxychocolate Agar

151
Q

Inhibitor of XLD

A

Sodium Deoxychocolate

152
Q

Inhibitor of XLD

A

Sodium Deoxychocolate

Bacteriology (1 decks)

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