introduction

Question 1

what are monomers

Answer 1

smaller units which can create larger molecules

Question 2

what are polymers

Answer 2

made from monomers bonded together

Question 3

what are examples of monomers

Answer 3

glucose
amino acids
nucleotides

Question 4

what are examples of polymers

Answer 4

starch, cellulose, glycogen
proteins
DNA and RNA

Question 5

what reaction takes place to form a polymer and what is the definition of the reaction

Answer 5

condensation reaction - joining two molecules creating a chemical bonds and removing water

Question 6

what reaction takes place to split the monomers and what is its definition

Answer 6

hydrolysis reaction
- breaking of chemical bond between two molecules and addition of water

Question 7

what are the 3 examples of monosaccharides

Answer 7

fructose
galactose
glucose

Question 8

what are 3 examples of disaccharides

Answer 8

maltose
lactose
sucrose

Question 9

what are 3 examples of polysaccharides

Answer 9

starch
cellulose
glycogen

Question 10

what is a disaccharide and how are they formed and example

Answer 10

made of up of two monosaccharides joined by a peptide bond formed by a condensation

glucose + fructose
= sucrose + water

Question 11

how are polysaccharides formed, (3) their structure and how that links to their function

Answer 11

created condensation reactions between many glucose monomers

starch - plants, alpha glucose, 1-4 glycosidic bonds in amylose and 1-6 in amylopectin, store of glucose

cellulose - plants,1-4 glycosidic bonds, beta glucose, structural strength in cell wall

glycogen - animals, 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds alpha glucose, store of glucose

Question 12

what does 1-4 glycosidic bond mean

Answer 12

bond forms between one carbon 1 in one of molecules and carbon 4 in another
refers to the position of carbon in glucose ring

Question 13

where is starch found in plants

Answer 13

chloroplasts

Question 14

where is cellulose found

Answer 14

plant cell wall

Question 15

where is glycogen found

Answer 15

muscle and liver cells

Question 16

what is the structure of starch and how does this lead to its function

Answer 16

made up of 2 polymers
amylose - unbranched helix = can compact to fit a lot of glucose in small space
amylopectin - branched helix = increases surface area (more enzymes can attach to the end) for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose
LARGE - insoluble = wont effect water potential on cell (no impact on osmosis)

Question 17

what is the structure of cellulose and how does it lead to its function

Answer 17

polymer forms long, straight chains, held in parallel by many hydrogen bonds to form fibrils
= many H bonds provide a collective strength
Large - insoluble = wont effect water potential

Question 18

what is the structure of glycogen and how does this lead to its function

Answer 18

a highly branched helix (more than starch)
= increases surface area (more enzymes attach to the end) for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose
LARGE - insoluble = wont effect water potential