INTRODUCTION Flashcards
_____ , commonly known as the web, has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business
World Wide Web
The story of the World Wide Web begins with _______, a British computer scientist working at CERN in the late 1980s
Tim Berners-Lee
CERN
European Organization for Nuclear Research
The first web page was created, providing an overview of the World Wide Web project.
YEAR 1991
The web gained widespread attention with the release of the Mosaic web browser, which popularized the graphical user interface for browsing,
YEAR 1993
The establishment of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) by Tim Berners-Lee to standardize web technologies and protocols.
YEAR 1994
The dot-com bubble led to a rapid expansion, driving further growth of the web.
LATE 1990s
The rise of Web 2.0 saw the emergence of dynamic, interactive websites and social media.
YEAR 2000s
The proliferation of smartphones and mobile devices led to the mobile web revolution, with mobile traffic surpassing desktop traffic for the first time in 2016.
YEAR 2010s
Ongoing developments in web technologies such as HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript continue to enhance the capabilities and user experience of the web.
YEAR 2020s
HISTORY OF WWW
YEAR 1989
Birth of WWW by Tim Berners-lee & his associates at CERN
HISTORY OF WWW
YEAR 1990
First web browser; Used within CERN
HISTORY OF WWW
YEAR 1991
Public offering of WWW
HISTORY OF WWW
YEAR 1993
Birth of Mosaic; graphical, multimedia browser from NCSA
HISTORY OF WWW
YEAR 1994
First commercial Browser By Netscape communication founded by JIM CLARK and March Andreessen
IMPACT OF WWW ON SOCIETY AND CULTURE
- Information Access
- Communication
- Commerce
- Entertainment
- Education
WEB ADVANTAGES
- Creates virtual hyperspace
- A low cost way to share, maintain, and distribute information
NETWORK BASIS
Specifies how two computer exchange data
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocol)
NETWORK BASIS
A content-based or structural markup language; codes are used to indicate various parts of a document such as heading, paragraphs, lists, etc.
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
NETWORK BASIS
Every computer has a unique ____ ; 32 bits in three 8 bit number groups.
IP Address
Symbolic name for IP Address
DNS (Domain Name System)
internet address that contains protocol, hostname, path; a global address of documents and other resources on the WWW.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
Types of PROTOCOL in a URL
A protocol for accessing the WWW documents
HTTP or Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Types of PROTOCOL in a URL
A protocol for Transferring files from one computer to another
FTP or File Transfer Protocol
Types of PROTOCOL in a URL
A protocol for accessing documents via ____ menus (archaic; no longer widely used)
Gopher
Types of PROTOCOL in a URL
A protocol that allows users to logon to a remote computer
Telnet
URL Host name
URL Host name
< host >.< organization >.< org type >
URL Host name: Organization Types
Non profit organizations
.ORG
URL Host name: Organization Types
Commercial hosts
.COM
URL Host name: Organization Types
Network hosts
.NET
URL Host name: Organization Types
Educational institutions
.EDU
URL Host name: Organization Types
International treaty organizations
.GOV
URL Host name: Organization Types
U.S. Military
.MIL
A file type naming system on the internet; Allows browser to determine how to work correctly with given files.
MIME or Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
Page appears exactly as it was encoded, nothing changes.
HTML documents are usually ____
Static
WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
Page is compiled, or able to be changed
Dynamic
There are needs for dynamic documents
- Search results
- Database access
- Context sensitive reply
The first type possible on the web; actions occur at server
Server-Side
Generally easier to implement; may be prepared & implemented offline; action Occours on the browser
Client-Side
____ are embedded inside HTML documents. They are interpreted by browsers. It provides responses to questions and queries.
Client-Side scripting
Client-Side Advantages
- Faster response time
- Better animation
- Simpler server programs
Client-Side Disadvantages
- Longer load time
- Browser compatibility
- Complexity in web page design
A scripting language for web pages, developed by Netscape in 1995; it is embedded directly in HTML; is good for adding dynamic features to web page, controlling forms and GUI
JavaScript
JavaScript Advantage
- Easy to learn and use
- Wide browser support
- Protection of local resources
JavaScript Disadvantages
- Browser compatibility issues
- Not object oriented
- Unable to gain access to local resources
This can be server-side or client-side.; can define small, special-purpose programs in JAVA; interpreted by JAva Virtual Machine embedded in the browser; good for more complex tasks or data heavy tasks, such as graphics.
JAVA APPLET
Java Applet Advantages
- High functionality
- Object oriented and full graphics functionality
- Protection of local resources
- Wide browser support
- With java2, be able to gain access to local resources with signed applets
Java Applet Disadvantages
- JVM compatibility issues
- Difficulty to install and configure for local access
- Loading time and performance may be poor for large application
Server-Side Advantages
- Allows creation of dynamic web pages
- Modifies HTML code on the server before sent to client
- Uses database such as Access Oracle
- Responds to user input
Server-Side Disadvantages
- More complicated than HTML (with debugging)
- Slower to load on the Server
- Harder to learn
- Web server must be enabled
A standard for interfacing external applications with information servers, such as HTTP or Web servers.It is a program designed to accept and return data that conforms to the ____ specification.
CGI or Common Gateway Interface
Widely-used Open Source general-purpose scripting language that is essentially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.
PHP or Hypertext Preprocessor
A Microsoft technology and runs on IIS(Internet Information Server) & PSW(Personal Web Server)
ASP or Active Server Pages
The Sun’s solution for developing dynamic websites; ____ enables the developers to directly insert java code into a ____ file, this makes the development process very simple and its maintenance also becomes very easy.
JSP or Java Server Pages
_________ attack is an attack meant to shut down a machine or network, making it inaccessible to its intended users.
Denial-of-Service (DOS)
The World Wide Web has come a long way since its humble beginnings, evolving into a global network that permeates nearly every aspect of modern society. Its impact on ____________, _________, _______________, and ___________ is undeniable, shaping the way we live, work, and interact with one another.
communication, commerce, education and culture
The World Wide Web, commonly known as the web, has revolutionized the way we ___________, ___________, and _____________.
communicate, access information, and conduct business
The web gained widespread attention with the release of the ____________
Mosaic web browser
Ongoing developments in web technologies such as _______ , _______ , and _______ continue to enhance the capabilities and user experience of the web.
HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript
__________ is the amount of data that moves across a network during any given time.
Network traffic
_________ is the direct result of someone using a search engine to locate content.
Organic traffic
two general methods of DoS attacks
Flooding Services
Crashing Services
Different SQL Injection Attacks in a Website
Union-based SQL injection
Error-based SQL injection
Blind SQL injection
Time-based SQL injection
