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Analysis of Urine > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

References to the study of urine can be found in the_________and in__________

A

/drawings of cavemen

/Egyptian hieroglyphics

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2
Q

5th century BC wrote a book on “uroscopy.”

A

Hippocrates

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3
Q

Era were color charts had been developed that described the significance of 20 different colors and testing of glucose through ant testing and taste testing

A

1140D

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4
Q

1694: discovery of albuminuria

A

Frederik Dekker’s

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5
Q

Book inspired the passing of medical licensure laws in England

A

Book of Pisse Prophet

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6
Q

1627: Book of Pisse Prophet by

A

Thomas Bryant

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7
Q

Invention of microscope

A

17th century

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8
Q

Urine sediment

A

Thomas Addis

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9
Q

Concept of Urinalysis

A

1827: Richard Bright

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10
Q

On what year routine examination of urinalysis began to disappear

A

1930s due to development of modern testing techniques

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11
Q

Organ with a noninvasive means by which to directly evaluate its status

A

KIDNEY

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12
Q

Urine is an ___________ of plasma

A

ULTRAFILTRATE

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13
Q

Reasons for performing urinalysis:

A
  1. aiding in the diagnosis of disease
  2. screening asymptomatic populations for undetected disorders
  3. monitoring the progress of disease
  4. effectiveness of therapy
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14
Q

Kidney converts approximately___________of filtered plasma to the average daily urine output of_______

A

170,000 mL

1200 mL

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15
Q

Urinary system composed of 4 main components:

A

KIDNEY
URETERS
URINARY BLADDER
URETHRA

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16
Q

where urine is formed by FILTRATION of blood

A

KIDNEY

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17
Q

carry the urine to the bladder

A

URETERS

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18
Q

stores the urine produced

A

BLADDER

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19
Q

delivers the urine for EXCRETION

A

URETHRA

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20
Q

Responsible for removal of waste products
& reabsorption

A

Cortical nephron

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21
Q

function for concentration of urine

A

Juxtamedullary nephron

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22
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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23
Q

Nephron

A

1 to 1.5 million each kidney

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24
Q

Cortical nephron

A

85%

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25
Q

Juxtamedullary nephron

A

15%

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26
Q

Outer layer of kidney located below the RENAL CAPSULE

A

Cortex

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27
Q

Innermost part of kidney that is split up into number of sections called

A

Medulla

Renal pyramids

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28
Q

Funnel like dilated part of ureter in the kidney

A

Renal pelvis

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29
Q

consists of a coil of approximately 8 capillary lobes (capillary tuft)

A

Glomerulus or Renal Corpuscle

30
Q

surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules

A

Peritubular capillaries

31
Q

located adjacent to the ascending and descending loop of Henle

A

Vasa recta

32
Q

Organic Components

A

Urea
Creatinine
Uric acid
Hippuric acid

Carbohydrates
Pigments
Fatty acids
Enzymes

33
Q

Major organic component: product of protein and amino acid metabolism

A

Urea

34
Q

Product of creatine metabolism by muscles

A

Creatinine

35
Q

common component in kidney stones; derived from catabolism of nucleic acid in food

A

Uric acid

36
Q

Benzoic acid is eliminated in this form, increases with high vegetable diet.

A

Hippuric Acid

37
Q

Inorganic Components

A

• Chloride
• Sodium
• Potassium
• Sulfate
• Phosphate
• Ammonium
• Calcium

38
Q

Primary inorganic component. Found in combination with sodium (table salt) and many other inorganic substances

A

CHLORIDE

39
Q

Salt

A

Sodium

40
Q

Combined with chloride and other salts

A

Potassium

41
Q

Derived from amino acids

A

Sulfate

42
Q

Combines with sodium to buffer the blood

A

PHOSPHATE

43
Q

Regulates blood and tissue fluid acidity

A

AMMONIUM

44
Q

Combines with chloride, sulfate, and phosphate

A

CALCIUM

45
Q

Normal daily urine output

A

1200 to 1500ml

600 to 2000ml

46
Q

Decrease in urine output

A

OLIGURIA

47
Q

Oliguria for infants

A

<1 ml/kg/hr

48
Q

Oliguria for children

A

<0.5 ml/kg/hr

49
Q

Oliguria for adults

A

<400 ml/day

50
Q

Urine cessation

A

ANURIA

51
Q

Increase urine output at night

A

NOCTURIA

52
Q

Increase daily urine output

A

POLYURIA

53
Q

Polyuria seen on ADULTS

A

> 2.5 L/day

54
Q

Polyuria seen on CHILDREN

A

> 2.5 to 3 mL/kg/day

55
Q

Diabetes Mellitus Polyuria SG

A

1.030 or above

56
Q

Exceed renal threshold for glucose

A

Diabetes Mellitus Polyuria

57
Q

Diabetes Insipidus Polyuria SG

A

1.005

58
Q

Decrease Antidiuretic Hormone production

A

Diabetes Insipidus Polyuria

59
Q

Urine specimen for glucose monitoring

A

FASTING SPX or SECOND MORNING SPX

60
Q

Urine specimen is tested for presence of KETONES & GLUCOSE

A

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE SPECIMEN

61
Q

Urine specimen for URINE QUANTITATIVE ASSAY

A

24 HOUR (TIMED) SPX

62
Q

24 HOUR (TIMED) SPX

A

/Catecholamines
/17-hydroxysteroids
/Electrolytes

63
Q

Urine specimen for bacterial culture

A

CATHETERIZED SPECIMEN

64
Q

Urine specimen for CYTOLOGIC EXAMINATION

A

Suprapubic Aspiration Specimen

65
Q

Less traumatic method for obtaining urine for bacterial culture and routine urinalysis

A

Midstream Clean catch Specimen

66
Q

Also known as 3 glass collection

A

Prostatitis Specimen

67
Q

1st container for Prostatitis Specimen

A

URETHRAL INFECTION; First passed urine

68
Q

2nd container for Prostatitis Specimen

A

URINARY BLADDER INFECTION; Midstream portion of urine

69
Q

3rd container for Prostatitis Specimen

A

Urine with prostatic fluid

70
Q

4th container for Prostatitis Specimen

A

Post prostatic massage urine or STAMEY MEARS

71
Q

3rd and 4th container

A

PROSTATIC INFECTION

72
Q

Drug Spx Collection

A

Required amount: 30 to 45 ml
Temperature: 32.5 to. 37.7°C
Check for every 4 minutes
No tampering
Spx handled securely
Proper Identification

Analysis of Urine (2 decks)

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