Introduction Flashcards
● Almost half of US hospitals had laboratories
● Clinical methods for measuring phosphorus and magnesium
● Several methods for determining urine analytes had been developed
● Otto Folin
1920s
● Ephesus - hematuria - presence of blood in urine
AD. 50
● Laboratory medicine became more accepted
1850
● Determinations of ALP, ACP, LPS, AMS, and blood ammonia
● Refractometer: used for measuring protein in urine ● Beckman Instruments: founded and introduced the first pH meter to measure the acidity and alkalinity of fluids
1930s
The clear amber liquid which is derived from whole blood that has been collected in the presence of an anticoagulant.
Plasma
● Hippocrates - Father of Medicine
● Attributing disease to abnormalities in the body fluids
300 BC
A material, generally serum based with an accurately assigned analytical value, used to calibrate
diagnostic assays.
Calibrator
● Perkin-Elmer introduced the atomic absorption spectrophotometer for determination of calcium and magnesium
● Laser was developed, and the first mechanical pipette, the Auto Dilutor, was put into use
● Becton Dickinson: introduced the disposable needle and syringe
● IBM: disk storage for computers
● DuPont: first random-access analyzer
1960s
● Microscope was invented ● Circulation of blood throughout the body was described
● Method of precipitating urine protein by heat and acid was discovered
1600s
An aqueous solution containing a known level or concentration of analyte that will not change
and can be used to calculate diagnostic results.
Standard
TYPES OF GLASSWARE
made to be used and discarded
no cleaning is necessary
Disposable glassware
Tests that are performed only on certain days even in the larger laboratories
Special
Any biochemical compound which plays a key role in the metabolism of the body.
Metabolite
TYPES OF GLASSWARE
with silica and boron trioxide
When heated above 500 C the glass may acquire permanent
stresses on cooling.
highly resistant to water, neutral and acid solutions, concentrated acids and
their mixtures as well as to chlorine, bromine, iodine and organic matters.
appears consequently clear and colourless.
Borosilicate
The chemical substance being measured in an assay, usually contained in blood or other body fluids.
Analyte
The process of detecting errors in any manufacturing or operational system.
Quality Control
TYPES OF GLASSWARE
Known for its excellent chemical and physical properties
resist the impact of chemical medium and temperature differences
momentarily
Lower energy
demand and longer working times
most inexpensive type
can be recycled easily
Soda-lime glass
Tests that are frequently ordered
Routine
A component of a kit used to carry out a chemical reaction to determine levels of different analytes
Reagent
TYPES OF GLASSWARE
96% Silica Dioxide
15% Sodium Oxide (Soda)
9% Calcium Oxide (Lime)
can be used continuously at 9000C, and intermittently to 12000C
Vycor Glass
● American College of Surgeons required hospitals to have an adequately equipped and staffed laboratory
1918
The addition of water to a freeze-dried reagent or control material to return it to its former condition.
Reconstitution
Tests that provide
an actual number that represents the amount of a substance present in the body.
Quantitative
Agreement between your test result value and the true value
Accuracy
