introduction

Question 1

constituents of bacteria

Answer 1

nuclear region
cytoplasm
plasma membrane
cell wall
outer membrane
surface appendages

Question 1

what are the 2 surface appendages of bacteria

Answer 1

flagelia and pili

Question 2

functions of plasma membrane

Answer 2

energy generation
secretion of protein
synthesis of peptidogylcon

Question 3

2 divisions of bacteria

Answer 3

gram positive
gram negative

Question 4

what is cell wall composed of

Answer 4

peptidoglycon

Question 5

function of gram stain

Answer 5

sits on outer membrane in gram negative
penetrates cell wall in gram positive

Question 6

what stain stains the outer membrane of outer membrane in gram negative bacteria

Answer 6

safranin
carbol fuchsin

Question 7

examples of gram positive bacteria

Answer 7

staphylococcus, streptococcus and clostridium

Question 8

examples of gram negative bacteria

Answer 8

E coli, salmonella and bordertella

Question 9

characteristics of acid fast bacteria

Answer 9

takes 30 days to grow (slow growing)
gram +
cell wall consists of mycolic acid and lipids
survive in harsh environments - resistant to acids and alkali

Question 10

what is the presence of mycolic acids and lipids responsible for

Answer 10

inflammatory response in lungs during bovine TB infection

Question 11

characteristics of mycoplasma

Answer 11

no cell wall
small genome
saprophytic and parasitic = require external supply of amino acids and fatty acids to grow
cause respiratory disease
cause mastitis, eye infections, abortion and infertility.

Question 12

function of gram - outer membrane

Answer 12

protective permeability barrier eg GI tract protects against bile salts

Question 13

components of permeable bi layer in outer membrane

Answer 13

phospholipids and pore proteins and lipopolysaccharide

Question 14

what are the 3 regions of lipopolysaccharide

Answer 14

layer A
o-specific polysaccharide
core polysaccharide

Question 15

effect of endotoxin (gram negative) when injected

Answer 15

toxic - can cause disease

Question 16

function of flagella

Answer 16

motility and taxis- allow bacteria to remain in optimum environment and respond to changes
initiation of innate immune responses

Question 17

what does flagella respond to

Answer 17

light
oxygen
temperature

Question 18

how can bacteria replicate

Answer 18

binary fission
horizontal gene transfer