Introduction

Question 1

A computer blank consists of instructions executing one at a time.

Answer 1

program

Question 2

Basic instruction types are what?

Answer 2

Input: A program gets data, perhaps from a file, keyboard, touchscreen, network, etc.

Process: A program performs computations on that data, such as adding two values like x + y.

Output: A program puts that data somewhere, such as to a file, screen, network, etc.

Question 3

Programs use blank to refer to data, like x, y, and z

Answer 3

variables

Question 4

blank, or creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem, will become increasingly important for work and everyday life

Answer 4

computational thinking

Question 5

A sequence of instructions that solves a problem is called an blank

Answer 5

algorithm

Question 6

A blank is a graphical language for creating or viewing computer programs.

Answer 6

flowchart

Question 7

A blank is a list of statements

Answer 7

program

Question 8

In a program, each blank carries out some action and executing one at a time

Answer 8

statement

Question 9

In a Coral flowchart, each statement is in a graphical blank, with different shapes for different types of statements.

Answer 9

node

Question 10

For Coral, an blank runs a program’s statements.

Answer 10

interpreter

Question 11

blank and blank are words for carrying out a program’s statements.

Answer 11

Run and execute

Question 12

A program also has blank, each being a name that can hold a value,

Answer 12

variables

Question 13

In a Coral flowchart, a parallelogram represents an blank, written as: variable = Get next input.

Answer 13

input statement

Question 14

In a Coral flowchart, a parallelogram represents an blank, written as: Put item to output

Answer 14

output statement

Question 15

A blank consists of text (characters) within double quotes, as in “Go #57!”.

Answer 15

string literal

Question 16

A blank includes any letter (a-z, A-Z), digit (0-9), or symbol (~, !, @, etc.)

Answer 16

character

Question 17

A blank indicates where the next output item will be placed in the output.

Answer 17

cursor

Question 18

A blank is a special two-character sequence \n whose appearance in an output string literal causes the cursor to move to the next output line.

Answer 18

newline

Question 19

Outputting a blank’s value is achieved via: Put x to output. No quotes.

Answer 19

variable

Question 20

A blank is text a programmer adds to a program, to be read by humans to better understand the code, but ignored by the program when executing.

Answer 20

comment

Question 21

In Coral, a comment starts with blank and includes all the subsequent text on that line. The comment must be on its own line.

Answer 21

//

Question 22

Blank refers to blank spaces (space and tab characters) between items within a statement, and to newlines.

Answer 22

Whitespace

Question 23

Whitespace helps improve blank for humans, but for execution purposes much whitespace is ignored.

Answer 23

readability

Question 24

A common practice is to use exactly one space before and after each blank

Answer 24

operator

Question 25

Blank originated from telephone switches in the early 1900’s. Engineers realized switches could be used for performing calculations, with a switch’s on position meaning 1 and the off position 0.

Answer 25

Computers

Question 26

The first computers, built in the blank had thousands of switches and occupied entire rooms. Early computers were largely used for military purposes, like codebreaking in World War II, and calculating the paths of bombs.

Answer 26

1940s,

Question 27

Engineers have reduced switch sizes by half about every 2 years, a trend known as blank

Answer 27

Moore’s Law

Question 28

By the 1970’s, an entire computer could fit on one coin-sized device known as a blank

Answer 28

computer chip.

Question 29

Today, that 1940’s room-sized computer could fit on a chip smaller than a blank.

Answer 29

pinhead

Question 30

Civilization’s earlier blank lasted many thousands of years. The blank starting in the late 1700’s transformed civilization towards manufacturing goods, leading to mass migration to cities, creation of strong nations, world wars, doubling of lifespans and thus dramatic world population growth

Answer 30

agricultural age
industrial age

Question 31

The blank just began in the 1990’s, with human activity shifting from traditional industry to creating/managing/using computerized information

Answer 31

information age

Question 32

An blank is a computer inside another electrical device, like inside a TV, car, printer, thermostat, satellite, etc.

Answer 32

embedded computer

Question 33

Computers are built from connected blank that, like light switches, are either on or off. On is called 1, and off is 0.

Answer 33

switches

Question 34

A single 0 or 1 is called a blank.

Answer 34

bit

Question 35

Eight bits, like 11000101, are called a blank

Answer 35

byte

Question 36

A blank is a letter (a, b, …, z, A, B, …, Z), symbol (!, @, #, …), or single-digit number (0, 1, …, 9).

Answer 36

character

Question 37

Each character can be given a unique blank

Answer 37

bit code

Question 38

blank is a popular code for characters

Answer 38

ASCII

Question 39

ASCII stands for blank, and was developed in 1963

Answer 39

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Question 40

ASCII uses blank bits per code, and has codes for 128 characters

Answer 40

7

Question 41

blank is another character encoding standard, published in 1991, whose codes can have more bits than ASCII and thus can represent over 100,000 items, such as symbols and non-English characters.

Answer 41

Unicode

Question 42

To perform many calculations, computers must represent blank

Answer 42

numbers

Question 43

Because early humans represented values using ten fingers, humans developed base ten numbers, known as blank (“dec” refers to ten).

Answer 43

decimal numbers

Question 44

Computers can only represent two values (0 or 1), so base two numbers, known as blank numbers (“bi” refers to two) are used.

Answer 44

binary

Question 45

Programming is largely about blank: Creating a methodical solution to a given task.

Answer 45

problem solving

Question 46

A programmer usually should carefully create a solution approach blank writing a program

Answer 46

before

Question 47

The thought processes needed to build correct, precise, logical programs is sometimes called blank and has benefits beyond programming.

Answer 47

computational thinking

Question 48

For program output, blank is any blank space or newline

Answer 48

whitespace

Question 49

Programming is all about blank

Answer 49

precision

Question 50

blank is text that resembles a program in a real programming language but is simplified to aid human understanding.

Answer 50

Pseudocode

Question 51

“Pseudo” in this context means “blank”. Commonly, each pseudocode text line corresponds to a program statement.

Answer 51

similar to

Question 52

Compared to a real textual programming language like C, C++, Java, or Python, pseudocode may blank various details and/or use a more sentence-like notation to aid human understanding.

Answer 52

omit

Question 53

Compared to a graphical programming language, pseudocode’s text may be blank to create (just by typing) and to share than graphics. Also, pseudocode may be more compact, thus being easier to view and understand, especially for larger programs.

Answer 53

easier