Introduction

Question 1

What is “sex”?

Answer 1

Anatomical and physiological differences.

Question 2

What is “gender”?

1. What does it refer to?
2. Is it an issue?
2. Is it a field?

Answer 2

• Psychological, social, and cultural differences.

1. Learning, adopting…
2. Sociological issue.
3. A field of study.

Question 3

How are identities constructed?

- Is gender the only one that is constructed?

Answer 3

• Socially and culturaly constructed.
• Discursively constructed.
• Reproduced.
• Reiterated.

- Sex is also socially constructed.

Question 4

Does gender deny sex differences?

Answer 4

• No.
• It claims meanings given to the differences and how they are learnt.

Question 5

How is sex learned?

Answer 5

• Identity that is internalized within normative orders.

Question 6

Are normative orders dominant?

Answer 6

Yes, they repress other possibilities.

Question 7

Who is associated with “the symbolic annihilation of women by the mass media”?

Answer 7

Gaye Tuchman

Question 8

What is “the symbolic annihilation of women by the mass media”?

What does the media teach?

Answer 8

• Marginalization and stereotyping of women in media.

- How women and men should behave.
- What is approved

Question 9

How does the Tuchman’s “annihilation” limit women?”

Answer 9

• Women can’t see themselves in life.

Question 10

Does the media represent the reality of women? (Tuchman)

Give examples.

Answer 10

• No it doesn’t: Suffrage, paid labour, etc.

Question 11

How does media encourage women in case of labour? (Tuchman)

Answer 11

• Discourage them.
• Be wife and a mother.
• Underemployed.

Question 12

Who is associated with “gender trouble”?

Answer 12

Judith Butler

Question 13

How are sex and gender produced? (Judith Butler)

Answer 13

• Discursively produced.
• Social agents reconstitute, reproduce, reiterate reality with language. (Binary)

Question 14

What is performance? (Judith Butler)

Answer 14

• Not an event.
• Never-ending rituals with repetitive norms.

Question 15

Is gender fixed? (Judith Butler)

How is binaristic gender described?

Answer 15

• No, it’s fluid.

It’s oppressive.

Question 16

Who is associated with “technologies of gender”?

Answer 16

Teresa de Lauretis

Question 17

What does Teresa de Lauretis study?

Answer 17

How gender is constructed through media, technologies, and theories.

Question 18

Are representations enough to bring equality and redistribute patriarchy? (Teresa de Lauretis)

Who thinks similar?

Answer 18

• No.
• Binaries should be broken down.

Judith Butler

Question 19

Is gender learned or natural?

Answer 19

It’s learned.

Question 20

Reminder

How does the media image put women in society?

Compared to men’s abilities.

Answer 20

Second class.

Mentally and physically less able.