INTRODUCTION Flashcards
ONLY ALIVE IF
ORGANIZED
ACQUIRE MATERIALS AND ENERGY
REPRODUCE
RESPOND TO STIMULI
HOMEOSTATIC
GROW AND DEVELOP
CAPACITY TO ADAPT
METABOLISM
BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT ACQUIRE AND USE ENERGY
WHY DO ORGANISMS NEED ENERGY
COMBAT ENTRPY
BUILD NEW STRUCTURES
REPAIR/BREAK DOWN OLD STRUCTURES
REPRODUCE
HOW DO ORGANISMS OBTAIN ENERGY
EXTRACTING ENERGY FROM THE ENVIRONMENT
PRODUCERS (ENGERY)
GET ENERGY FROM THE ENVIRONMENT
(PLANTS AND THE SUN)
CONSUMERS (ENERGY)
NUTRIENTS BY OTHER LIVING THINGS
(EATING PLANTS AND OTHER ANIMALS)
DECOMPOSERS (ENERGY)
NUTRIENTS FROM DEAD ORGANISMS
(WORMS, MUSHROOMS)
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
-SINGLE PARENT
-OFFSPRING GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO PARENT
-OFTEN UNICELLULAR ORGANISM
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
TWO PARENTS
OFFSPRING GENETICALLY DIVERSE
RESPOND TO STIMULI
REACT TO LIGHT (SUNFLOWER OR SQUINTING)
LOAUD NOISE (LOOK OR RUN)
SEASONS CHANGING (MIGRATE)
HOMEOSTASIS
MAINTAIN CONSTANT INTERNAL CONDITIONS
GROW AND DEVELP
GROW: TO GET BIGGER
DEVELOP: TO CHANGE
ADAPTATIONS
INDIVIDUALS OF A SPECIES MAY HAVE CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS THAT MAKE THEM BETTER ABLE TO SURVIVE IN A NEW ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL SELECTION
INDIVIDUALS BETTER ADAPT TO ENVIRONMENT LIVE LONGER AND PRODUCE MORE OFFSPRING
EVOLUTION
CHANGE IN FREQUENCY OF TRAITS IN POPULATIONS AND SPECIES OVER TIME
BIOSPHERE
ALL LIFE ON EARTH
ECOSYSTEM
LIVING AND NONLIVING COMPONENTS
COMMUNITY
INTERACTING POPULATIONS IN THE SAME ECOSYSTEM
POPULATION
GROUP OF INTERACTING INDIVIDUALS OF ONE SPECIES
ORGANISM
INDIVIDUAL LIVING BEING
ORGAN SYSTEM
GROUP OF ORGANS THAT WORK TOGETHER
ORGAN
MULTIPLE TISSUES THAT COOPERATE A SPECIFIC TASK
TISSUE
GROUP OF SMALLER CELLS THAT WORK TOGETHER
CELL
FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
MOLECULE
GROUP Of ATOMS BONDED
ATOM
FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF MATTER
THE GOALS OF SCIENCE
INVESTIGATE and understand the natural world
EXPLAIN the event in the natural world
USE those explanations to make useful predictions
hypothesis
-Proposed explanation for an observation
-Must be testable
Observation
Used to investigate hypotheses
independent variable
what is being manipulated as a potential cause
dependent variable
the response, output, or effect under investigation
control group
establishes a baseline for the experiment
negative control group
group for which is no change is expected
positive control group
group for which a change is expected
what does a blind experiment reduce
bias
single-blind experiment
information withheld from participants
double-blind experiment
information withheld from both participant and experimenter
placebo effect
the patient feels better after merely believing treatment was given, even if non actually was
conclusions
Analyzing data and making a decision on whether or not it supports the hypothesis, can also lead to the hypothesis of the next.
ALL RESULTS MUST BE REPEATABLE
The scientific method
observation
hypothesis
experiment / observations
conclusion
scientific theory
observation
new observations are made and previous data are studied
hypothesis
input from various sources is used to formulate a testable statement
experiment / observations
the hypothesis is tested by experiment or further obervations
conclusion
the results are analyzed and the hypothesis is supported or rejected
scientific theory
many experiments and observations support a theory
hypothesis VS. theory
hypothesis: proposed explanation for an observation
theory: much broader explanation, well substantiated and comprehensive
Laws
statement of what always occurs under certain conditions
pseudoscience
any field of study that is falsely presented as having a scientific basis
