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vrgbacteriology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

no true nucleus

A

prokaryote

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2
Q

smallest genus

A

mycoplasma

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3
Q

longest genus (10um)

A

borrelia (spiral)

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4
Q

largest pathogenic bacterium

A

bacillus anthracis

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5
Q

cell wall less

A

mycoplasma & ureaplasma

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6
Q

spore forming organisms

A

bacillus & clostridium

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7
Q

O2 requirement of bacillus

A

aerobic

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8
Q

O2 requirement of clostridium

A

anaerobic

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9
Q

cell wall AKA

A

peptidoglycan layer / murein layer

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10
Q

M. tuberculosis pathogenic factor

A

mycolic acid

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11
Q

responsible for mucoid colonies

A

capsule

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12
Q

S. pyogenes pathogenic factor

A

M protein

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13
Q

thicker peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acid

A

gram positive

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14
Q

thinner pepptidoglycan without teichoic acid

A

gram negative

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15
Q

anti phagocytic, virulence factor

A

capsule

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16
Q

is a capsular swelling test

A

neufeld quellung

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17
Q

with polysaccharide capsules

A

S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, K. pneumoniae

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18
Q

with polypeptide D-glutamic acid

A

B. anthracis

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19
Q

with hyaluronic acid capsule

A

pasteurella multocida

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20
Q

with polyribosyl ribitol phosphate capsule

A

haemophilus influenzae

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21
Q

with alginate capsule

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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22
Q

Pili is AKA

A

fimbriae

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23
Q

usually found in gram neg organisms

A

pili

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24
Q

1st step in initiating infection

A

attachment

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25
Q

pili used for attachment and can be a virulence factor

A

common pili

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26
Q

pili used for gene conjugation, transfer of genetic material

A

sex pili

ex. E. coli

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27
Q

target of sterilization

A

spores/endospores

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28
Q

enables organisms to withstand injurious conditions

A

spores

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29
Q

with terminal swollen spores

A

clostridium tetani

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30
Q

with central spores

A

B. anthracis

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31
Q

with subterminal spores

A

C. botulinum

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32
Q

biologically produced poisons

A

toxin

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33
Q

motility due to presence of flagella

A

true motility

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34
Q

movement of nonmotile organisms caused by movement of surrounding

A

brownian movement

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35
Q

organ for locomotion

A

flagella

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36
Q

flagella of spiral organisms are called

A

axial filaments

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37
Q

axial filaments are AKA

A

periplasmic flagella

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38
Q

motility test presumptive for listeria

A

hanging drop

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39
Q

flagellar stains

A

gray’s, leifson

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40
Q

SIM is a ___ media

A

semi solid

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41
Q

growth is at the line of inoculation

A

non-motile

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42
Q

growth is outside the line of inoculation

A

motile

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43
Q

tumbling motility

A

listeria monocytogenes

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44
Q

twitching motility

A

kingella kingae

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45
Q

gliding/sliding motility

A

capnocytophaga

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46
Q

darting motility

A

campylobacter

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47
Q

shooting star motility

A

vibrio cholera

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48
Q

corkscrew motility

A

spirochetes

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49
Q

monotrichous organisms

A

campylobacter, pseudomonas

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50
Q

amphitrichous organisms

A

listeria

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51
Q

lophotrichous organisms

A

H. pylori

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52
Q

peritrichous organisms

A

enterobacteriaceae except klebsiella&shigella

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53
Q

nutrient storage/stored food

A

inclusion bodies

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54
Q

inclusions of corynebacterium

A

babes ernst bodies

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55
Q

inclusions of MTB

A

much granules

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56
Q

inclusions of chlamydia trachomatis

A

halberstaedter prowazek

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57
Q

uptake of naked DNA (free DNA)
A. transformation
B. transduction
C. conjugation
D. plasmid

A

A

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58
Q

acquiring of DNA from bacteriophage
A. transformation
B. transduction
C. conjugation
D. plasmid

A

B

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59
Q

DNA transfer via sex pillus
A. transformation
B. transduction
C. conjugation
D. plasmid

A

C

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60
Q

confers resistance to antibiotics, a miniature chromosome
A. transformation
B. transduction
C. conjugation
D. plasmid

A

D

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61
Q

toxin released only after cell lysis
A. endotoxin
B. exotoxin

A

A

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62
Q

toxin excreted by living bacteria
A. endotoxin
B. exotoxin

A

B

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63
Q

protein in nature
A. endotoxin
B. exotoxin

A

B

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64
Q

LPS in nature
A. endotoxin
B. exotoxin

A

A

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65
Q

limulus lysate test (horse shoe crabs)
A. endotoxin
B. exotoxin

A

A

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66
Q

diphteria toxin
A. endotoxin
B. exotoxin

A

B

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67
Q

shigella dysenteriae
A. endotoxin
B. exotoxin

A

A

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68
Q

tsst-1 is an exotoxin of

A

S. aureus

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69
Q

adaptation phase, no growth
A. lag
B. log
C. plateau
D. death

A

A

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70
Q

exponential phase, cell division
A. lag
B. log
C. plateau
D. death

A

B

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71
Q

organisms become susceptible to antibiotics
A. lag
B. log
C. plateau
D. death

A

B

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72
Q

stationary phase
A. lag
B. log
C. plateau
D. death

A

C

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73
Q

sporuation takes place
A. lag
B. log
C. plateau
D. death

A

C

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74
Q

phase of decline
A. lag
B. log
C. plateau
D. death

A

D

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75
Q

minimal threat
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

A

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76
Q

moderate threat
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

B

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77
Q

high risk
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

C

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78
Q

extreme risk
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

D

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79
Q

no known potential of infecting healthy people
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

A

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80
Q

acquired thru ingestion, percutaneous and mucous membrane exposure
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

B

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81
Q

aerosol transmission
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

C

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82
Q

life threatening diseases
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

D

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83
Q

bacillus subtilis
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

A

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84
Q

M. gordonae
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

A

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85
Q

salmonella
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

B

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86
Q

shigella
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

B

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87
Q

HBV & HIV
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

B

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88
Q

M. tuberculosis
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

C

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89
Q

coxiella burnetti
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

C

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90
Q

agents of systemic mycoses
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

C

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91
Q

filoviruses ex. ebola
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4

A

D

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92
Q

determined by transmissibility

A

biosafety levels

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93
Q

sterilizes only the air to be exhausted
A. class I
B. class II
C. class III
D. class II A
E. class II B
F. class II B1
G. class II B2

A

A

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94
Q

AKA laminar flow
A. class I
B. class II
C. class III
D. class II A
E. class II B
F. class II B1
G. class II B2

A

B

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95
Q

system is entirely closed
A. class I
B. class II
C. class III
D. class II A
E. class II B
F. class II B1
G. class II B2

A

C

96
Q

70% of air is recirculated
air is discharged inside the room
A. class I
B. class II
C. class III
D. class II A
E. class II B
F. class II B1
G. class II B2

A

D

97
Q

AKA total exhaust cabinet
A. class I
B. class II
C. class III
D. class II A
E. class II B
F. class II B1
G. class II B2

A

G

98
Q

routinely used
A. class I
B. class II
C. class III
D. class II A
E. class II B
F. class II B1
G. class II B2

A

B

99
Q

for carcinogens
A. class I
B. class II
C. class III
D. class II A
E. class II B
F. class II B1
G. class II B2

A

E

100
Q

30% of air is recirculated
A. class I
B. class II
C. class III
D. class II A
E. class II B
F. class II B1
G. class II B2

A

F

101
Q

exhaust air is discharged outside the building
A. class I
B. class II
C. class III
D. class II A
E. class II B
F. class II B1
G. class II B2

A

E

102
Q

steam under pressure

A

autoclave

103
Q

indicator of autoclave

A

bacillus stearothermophilus

104
Q

not killed by autoclaving

A

prions

105
Q

uses flowing steam

A

tyndallization

106
Q

thickening thru evaporation

A

inspissation

107
Q

indicator of oven

A

bacillus subtilis var. niger

108
Q

0.22 u, 100% sterility

A

millipore filter

109
Q

removes objects larger than 0.3 u

A

HEPA filter

110
Q

liquid filter

A

cellulose nitrate

111
Q

ionizing radiation indicator

A

bacillus pumilus

112
Q

chemical sterilants are AKA

A

biocides

113
Q

most commonly used chemical sterilant

A

ethylene oxide

114
Q

indicator of chemical sterilization

A

bacillus subtilis var. globiji

115
Q

does not corrode lenses, metals and rubbers

A

glutaraldehyde

116
Q

surface sterilization of surgical instruments

A

peracetic acid

117
Q

used to sterilize HEPA filters in BSCs

A

formaldehyde vapor & hydrogen peroxide vapor

118
Q

most commonly used antiseptic

A

70% isoprophyl alcohol

119
Q

iodine+alcohol

A

iodine tincture

120
Q

iodine+detergent (neutral polymer)

A

iodophor

121
Q

best disinfectant for blood spill

A

sodium hypochlorite

1:10 for porous surfaces, 1:100 for smoothand hard surfaces

122
Q

contact time for HBV inactivation

A

10minutes

123
Q

contact time for HIV inactivation

A

2minutes

124
Q

standard for disinfectants

A

phenol

125
Q

most common cause of sepsis

A

S. aureus

126
Q

inhibitory to neisseria, gardnerella, P. anaerobius

A

0.025% sodium polyanethol sulfonate

127
Q

used to counteract the effect of 0.025% SPS

A

1% gelatin

128
Q

anticoagulant for viral culture

A

heparin

129
Q

not to be used for bacterial culture

A

EDTA & citrate

130
Q

brucellosis detection

A

3-4 weeks

131
Q

leptospirosis detection

A

20 weeks

132
Q

collection of CSF is thru

A

lumbar tap

133
Q

may be used instead of iodine

A

chlorhexidine

134
Q

CSF storage temp

A

37degrees

135
Q

CSF transport temp

A

room temp

136
Q

CSF usual isolates

A

S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae

137
Q

urine specimen of choice for bacterial isolate

A

clean catch

138
Q

urine for molecular studies such as PCR

A

1st morning urine

139
Q

1 cause of UTI

A

E.coli

140
Q

UTI in young female and catheterized elderly women

A

saprophyticus

141
Q

colony count of ____ is considered UTI

A

> 100,000

142
Q

digestion and decontamination is used for

A

M. tuberculosis identification

143
Q

N-acetyl L-cysteine & NaOH

A

gold standard for digestion and decontamination

144
Q

neisseria is sensitive to

A

cold temperature
cotton swabs

145
Q

major throat pathogen found in throat swab

A

S. pyogenes

146
Q

GIT pathogens

A

salmonella & shigella

147
Q

gastric aspirate specimens must be neutralized with ___ within ___

A

sodium bicarbonate, 1 hour

148
Q

capsular stains

A

Hiss, Anthony’s, Tyler, Muir

149
Q

spore stains

A

Dorner’s, Schaeffer and fulton, Wirtz and conklin

150
Q

flagellar stains

A

Gray’s, Fischer and conn, Leifson

151
Q

stains spirochetes

A

Levaditi’s

152
Q

stains polar bodies

A

Wayson stain, methylene blue

153
Q

gram stain (+) control

A

S. aureus

154
Q

gram stain (-) control

A

E. coli

155
Q

under colorization, thick smears
A. false gram (+)
B. false gram (-)

A

A

156
Q

over colorization, use of old/dry colonies, no mordant
A. false gram (+)
B. false gram (-)

A

B

157
Q

most critical step in gram staining

A

decolorization

158
Q

all cocci are gram (+), except:

A

neisseria, branhamella, veilonella

159
Q

all bacilli are gram (-), except:

A

mycobacterium, corynebacterium, clostridium, bacillus, erysipelothrix, lactobacillus, listeria
(M,C,C,B,E,L,L)

160
Q

intracellular

A

rickettsia, chlamydia

161
Q

cell wall less

A

mycoplasma, urea plasma

162
Q

best method for DSSM

A

ziehl neelsen/hot method

163
Q

best for AFB in tissues

A

kinyoun’s/cold method

164
Q

may be used as substitute for methylene blue counterstain

A

malachite green

165
Q

only bacteria that is acid fast

A

mycobacterium

166
Q

slightly acid fast

A

nocardia

167
Q

pappenheims: MTB vs. M. smegmatis

A

MTB is color red

168
Q

baumgarten: MTB vs. M. leprae

A

MTB is blue

169
Q

media for fungi

A

rice medium

170
Q

human blood bilayer tween is used for ID of ___

A

G. vaginalis

171
Q

castaneda is used for ___

A

brucella

172
Q

alkaline peptone water is used for

A

vibrio

173
Q

selenite is used for

A

salmonella

174
Q

chocolate agar plate

A

neisseria

175
Q

thayer martin

A

neisseria

176
Q

JEMBEC

A

neisseria

177
Q

cary blair

A

stool pathogens

178
Q

amie’s

A

respiratory samples

179
Q

transgrow

A

neisseria

180
Q

stuart’s

A

multipurpose media

181
Q

todd hewitt

A

S. agalactiae

182
Q

Lim broth (modified todd hewitt)

A

S. agalactiae

183
Q

beta lactam

A

cell wall inhibitors

184
Q

MRSA treatment

A

vancomycin

185
Q

2nd line TB drugs

A

kanamycin, amikacin

186
Q

minocycline is used for

A

mycoplasma

187
Q

treatment for diarrhea and UTI

A

SXT

188
Q

UTI treatment

A

nitrofurantoin

189
Q

broth dilution

A

5x10(5) cfu/ml

190
Q

agar dilution

A

1x10(4) cfu/ml

191
Q

mueller hinton agar pH

A

7.2-7.4

192
Q

depth of MHA

A

3-5mm (4mm)

193
Q

too thin agar
A. false susceptible
B. false resistant

A

A

194
Q

too thick agar
A. false susceptible
B. false resistant

A

B

195
Q

very dry agar surface
A. false susceptible
B. false resistant

A

A

196
Q

too much moisture on agar surface
A. false susceptible
B. false resistant

A

B

197
Q

mcfarland

A

99.5ml of 1% h2sO4 & 0.5ml 1.75% barium chloride

198
Q

inoculum size

A

1.5x10(8) cfu/ml

199
Q

inoculum too heavy
A. false susceptible
B. false resistant

A

B

200
Q

inoculum too light
A. false susceptible
B. false resistant

A

A

201
Q

diffusion of organism to entire media

A

3-5 minutes

202
Q

manner of streaking

A

multiple overlap

203
Q

standard size of antibiotic disk

A

6mm

204
Q

storage of antibiotic disk: working suppy

A

2-8ºC

205
Q

long term storage of antibiotic disk

A

-20ºC in a non frost freezer

206
Q

if plate is 150mm

A

12 disks

207
Q

if plate is 100mm

A

5 disks

208
Q

distance of disk from center

A

24mm

209
Q

distance between 2 disks

A

15mm

210
Q

indicators of improper storage

A

methicillin & penicillin

211
Q

use of MHA with 5% sheep’s RBC is for

A

streptococci

212
Q

for mycobacterium we can use

A

middle brooke media

213
Q

GC agar with supplements

A

N. gonorrhea

214
Q

2-5% horse blood, 5-7% cO2

A

N. meningitidis

215
Q

uses reagent cards and chromogenic substrates

A

vitek system

216
Q

gene that activates resistance to clindamycin

A

ERM

217
Q

uses a strip with single antibiotic of different concentrations along its length

A

e-test stick

218
Q

schlicter test is AKA

A

serum bactericidal test

219
Q

screening test for carbapenemase producing organisms

A

modified hodge test
(+) clover leaf like pattern of zone of inhibition

220
Q

incubator
A. daily temp check
B. weekly
C. daily/every use
D. check for anaerobe
E. 6months
F. 4x a year/as needed
G. annual accuracy check
H. weekly

A

A

221
Q

water bath
A. daily temp check
B. weekly
C. daily/every use
D. check for anaerobe
E. 6months
F. 4x a year/as needed
G. annual accuracy check
H. weekly

A

A

222
Q

refrigerator
A. daily temp check
B. weekly
C. daily/every use
D. check for anaerobe
E. 6months
F. 4x a year/as needed
G. annual accuracy check
H. weekly

A

A

223
Q

freezer
A. daily temp check
B. weekly
C. daily/every use
D. check for anaerobe
E. 6months
F. 4x a year/as needed
G. annual accuracy check
H. weekly

A

A

224
Q

heating block
A. daily temp check
B. weekly
C. daily/every use
D. check for anaerobe
E. 6months
F. 4x a year/as needed
G. annual accuracy check
H. weekly

A

A

225
Q

autoclave spore testing
A. daily temp check
B. weekly
C. daily/every use
D. check for anaerobe
E. 6months
F. 4x a year/as needed
G. annual accuracy check
H. weekly

A

B

226
Q

autoclave temperature
A. daily temp check
B. weekly
C. daily/every use
D. check for anaerobe
E. 6months
F. 4x a year/as needed
G. annual accuracy check
H. weekly

A

C

227
Q

GASPAK jar
A. daily temp check
B. weekly
C. daily/every use
D. check for anaerobe
E. 6months
F. 4x a year/as needed
G. annual accuracy check
H. weekly

A

D

228
Q

centrifuge
A. daily temp check
B. weekly
C. daily/every use
D. check for anaerobe
E. 6months
F. 4x a year/as needed
G. annual accuracy check
H. weekly

A

E

229
Q

microscopes
A. daily temp check
B. weekly
C. daily/every use
D. check for anaerobe
E. 6months
F. 4x a year/as needed
G. annual accuracy check
H. weekly

A

F

230
Q

weighing balance
A. daily temp check
B. weekly
C. daily/every use
D. check for anaerobe
E. 6months
F. 4x a year/as needed
G. annual accuracy check
H. weekly

A

G

231
Q

oxidase, catalase, gram stain
A. daily temp check
B. weekly
C. daily/every use
D. check for anaerobe
E. 6months
F. 4x a year/as needed
G. annual accuracy check
H. weekly

A

H

232
Q

maintains oxygen free environment

A

palladium catalyst

233
Q

GASPAK jar is used for

A

anaerobes

234
Q

candle jar is used for

A

microaerophilic & capnophilic

235
Q

neisseria & campylobacter

A

microaerophilic & capnophilic

236
Q

peer comparison

A

benchmarking

237
Q

indicators of GASPAK jar

A

methylene blue & resazurin

vrgbacteriology (2 decks)

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