Introduction

Question 1

what do experiments require?

Answer 1

the manipulation of one or more variables, to determine the effect of this manipulation on another variable

Question 2

what are hypotheses?

Answer 2

testable predictions derived from theories

Question 3

experimental hypotheses

Answer 3

treatment leads to an effect

Question 4

null hypotheses

Answer 4

treatment does not lead to an effect

Question 5

manipulating the independent variable…

Answer 5

changes the value of the dependent variable

Question 6

nuisance variable

Answer 6

an additional factor that affects the DV

Question 7

experimental group

Answer 7

receives the important level of the IV

Question 8

control group

Answer 8

untreated comparison group

Question 9

how to test hypotheses

Answer 9

assume the null hypothesis is true, and calculate how probable it is to get the score as extreme or more extreme than the one obtained

Question 10

if the probability is very small…

Answer 10

reject the null hypotheses

Question 11

if the probability is not very small…

Answer 11

retain the null hypothesis

Question 12

z-score

Answer 12

(x-mean) / SD

Question 13

what is the conventional threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis?

Answer 13

p<0.05