İntroduction Flashcards
What is pharmacology
The study of substances that interact with living systems through
chemical processes.
What is medical pharmacology
the science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease, i.e.
therapeutic applications
What is toxicology
the branch of pharmacology that deals with the
undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems
What is a drug
substance that brings about a change in biologic function through its
chemical actions.
What is the target molecule for drugs
Receptors
How can a drug act on the body
Through the different receptors it can be an agonist or an antagonist
Drugs may be synthesized within the body (e.g., hormones)
True
What are xenobiotics
Drugs that are synthesized outside the body
What’s a Medicine
A drug that is prepared with the intention of producing a therapeutic effect
İt can have excipients, stabilizer, solvents
What is pharmacodynamics
1 The actions of the drug on the body .
2 These properties determine the group
3 play the major role in deciding whether that group is appropriate therapy
What is pharmacokinetics
1 The actions of the body on the drug
2 Pharmacokinetic processes ADME
3 great practical importance in the choice and administration
What are the physical natures of the drug
appropriate size, electrical charge, shape, and atomic composition
What are the differences between a useful and practical drugs
Useful: must have the necessary properties to be
transported from its site of administration to its site of action
Practical:should be inactivated or excreted from the body
at a reasonable rate so that its actions will be of appropriate
duration.
What are the states of drugs with examples
solid at room temperature (eg, aspirin, atropine),
liquid (eg, nicotine, ethanol), or gaseous (eg, nitrous oxide).
• These factors often determine the best route of administration
What are the drugs sources
Natural and synthetic
What are the natural sources with examples
Plants, like alkaloids (e.g. morphine, cocaine).
Microbes, Antibiotics have been isolated from numerous
microorganisms, including Penicillium and Streptomyces species.
Animal tissues, Hormones are the most common type of drug
obtained from animals
Minerals, have yielded a few useful therapeutic agents, including
the lithium compounds used in psychotherapy.
Give examples for synthetic drugs
Aspirin, barbiturates, and local anesthetics
What are semisynthetic drugs
derivatives of naturally occurring compounds (e.g.,
morphine) have led to new drugs with different pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic properties.
What is the chemical name
The chemical name is a scientific name based on the
compound’s chemical structure
•is almost never use
What is the generic name
commonly used to identify a drug during
its useful clinical lifetime.
• The drug name most suitable for use by health care
professionals all over the world.
• It is not capitalized.
• The generic name is assigned by an official body,
What is the brand name
company that patents a drug usually also creates its
brand name, trade name or trademark.
• Under trademark law this name is owned by the company
which has exclusive rights to use it.
• Drugs are often designated with a registered trademark, e.g.,
Brufen®, Panadol® and Amoxil®.
• A drug may have more than one brand name.
How were drugs designed back then Vs now
Back then: at random without knowing the receptors
Now: were developed through molecular design
based on knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the
receptor site.
Medicinal chemists now use molecular modeling software to discern the
structure-activity relationship, which is the relationship among the drug
molecule, its target receptor, and the resulting pharmacologic activity.
True
this way a virtual model for the receptor of a particular drug is created
and drug molecule that best fit the three-dimensional conformation of the
receptor are synthesized.
True
