İntroduction

Question 1

What is pharmacology

Answer 1

The study of substances that interact with living systems through
chemical processes.

Question 2

What is medical pharmacology

Answer 2

the science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease, i.e.
therapeutic applications

Question 3

What is toxicology

Answer 3

the branch of pharmacology that deals with the
undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems

Question 4

What is a drug

Answer 4

substance that brings about a change in biologic function through its
chemical actions.

Question 5

What is the target molecule for drugs

Answer 5

Receptors

Question 6

How can a drug act on the body

Answer 6

Through the different receptors it can be an agonist or an antagonist

Question 7

Drugs may be synthesized within the body (e.g., hormones)

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What are xenobiotics

Answer 8

Drugs that are synthesized outside the body

Question 9

What’s a Medicine

Answer 9

A drug that is prepared with the intention of producing a therapeutic effect
İt can have excipients, stabilizer, solvents

Question 10

What is pharmacodynamics

Answer 10

1 The actions of the drug on the body .
2 These properties determine the group
3 play the major role in deciding whether that group is appropriate therapy

Question 11

What is pharmacokinetics

Answer 11

1 The actions of the body on the drug
2 Pharmacokinetic processes ADME
3 great practical importance in the choice and administration

Question 12

What are the physical natures of the drug

Answer 12

appropriate size, electrical charge, shape, and atomic composition

Question 13

What are the differences between a useful and practical drugs

Answer 13

Useful: must have the necessary properties to be
transported from its site of administration to its site of action

Practical:should be inactivated or excreted from the body
at a reasonable rate so that its actions will be of appropriate
duration.

Question 14

What are the states of drugs with examples

Answer 14

solid at room temperature (eg, aspirin, atropine),
liquid (eg, nicotine, ethanol), or gaseous (eg, nitrous oxide).
• These factors often determine the best route of administration

Question 15

What are the drugs sources

Answer 15

Natural and synthetic

Question 16

What are the natural sources with examples

Answer 16

Plants, like alkaloids (e.g. morphine, cocaine).

Microbes, Antibiotics have been isolated from numerous
microorganisms, including Penicillium and Streptomyces species.

Animal tissues, Hormones are the most common type of drug
obtained from animals

Minerals, have yielded a few useful therapeutic agents, including
the lithium compounds used in psychotherapy.

Question 17

Give examples for synthetic drugs

Answer 17

Aspirin, barbiturates, and local anesthetics

Question 18

What are semisynthetic drugs

Answer 18

derivatives of naturally occurring compounds (e.g.,
morphine) have led to new drugs with different pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic properties.

Question 19

What is the chemical name

Answer 19

The chemical name is a scientific name based on the
compound’s chemical structure
•is almost never use

Question 20

What is the generic name

Answer 20

commonly used to identify a drug during
its useful clinical lifetime.
• The drug name most suitable for use by health care
professionals all over the world.
• It is not capitalized.
• The generic name is assigned by an official body,

Question 21

What is the brand name

Answer 21

company that patents a drug usually also creates its
brand name, trade name or trademark.
• Under trademark law this name is owned by the company
which has exclusive rights to use it.
• Drugs are often designated with a registered trademark, e.g.,
Brufen®, Panadol® and Amoxil®.
• A drug may have more than one brand name.

Question 22

How were drugs designed back then Vs now

Answer 22

Back then: at random without knowing the receptors

Now: were developed through molecular design
based on knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the
receptor site.

Question 23

Medicinal chemists now use molecular modeling software to discern the
structure-activity relationship, which is the relationship among the drug
molecule, its target receptor, and the resulting pharmacologic activity.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

this way a virtual model for the receptor of a particular drug is created
and drug molecule that best fit the three-dimensional conformation of the
receptor are synthesized.

Answer 24

True