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Renal Physiology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

3 major functions of the kidney

A

1) Secrete wastes and foreign substances
2) Homeostasis
3) Endocrine

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2
Q

What wastes and foreign substances do the kidneys secrete?

A

Wastes: urea, creatinine, and uric acid
Foreign Substances: drugs and food additives

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3
Q

What are the kidney’s roles in homeostasis?

A

Regulate pH, water, and electrolyte balance

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4
Q

What endocrine functions do the kidneys have

A

Secrete renin, erythropoietin, and activate Vitamin D3

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5
Q

Function of Renin Secretion

A

Blood pressure regulation

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6
Q

Function of Erythropoetin Secretion

A

RBC production

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7
Q

Function of activating Vitamin D3

A

Regulate calcium and phosphorus levels

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8
Q

3 General parts of a nephron

A

Vascular, Tubular, and Combined Vascular/Tubular components

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9
Q

What structures make up the vascular component of the nephron

A

Afferent arteriole, Glomerulus, Efferent arteriole, and Peritubular capillaries

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10
Q

Function of the afferent arteriole

A

To carry blood to the glomerulus

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11
Q

Function of the Glomerulus

A

A group of capillaries that filter protein-free plasma into the tubular component

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12
Q

Function of the Efferent arteriole

A

To carry blood away from the glomerulus

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13
Q

Function of the peritubular capillaries

A

To supply the renal tissue with blood; play a role in tubular resorption and secretion

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14
Q

What structures make up the tubular component of the nephron

A

Bowman’s capsule, Proximal Tubule, Loop of Henle, and Distal tubule and collecting duct

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15
Q

Function of Bowman’s capsule

A

To collect filtered fluid from the glomerulus

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16
Q

Function of the Proximal Tubule

A

Site of uncontrollable reabsorption and secretion of selected substances

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17
Q

Function of the Loop of Henle

A

Establish an osmotic gradient in renal medulla that is important in the kidney’s ability to produce urine with varying concentrations

18
Q

Function of the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct

A

Site of variable, controlled resorption of sodium and water; secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions; fluid exiting is urine

19
Q

What makes up the Combined vascular/tubular component?

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

20
Q

Function of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Prod. Substances involved in kidney function

21
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A

Cortical and Juxtaglomerular nephrons

22
Q

What are the two regions of the kidney?

A

Cortex and the Medulla

23
Q

Where do the Cortical nephrons lie?

A

Outer cortex

24
Q

How does the Loop of Henle make contact with the cortical nephron?

A

It dips slightly into the medulla

25
Q

What do the peritubular capillaries present as in the cortical nephron?

A

Complex network woven around the tubule

26
Q

Where do the Juxtaglomerular nephron lie?

A

In the inner part of the cortex, next to the medulla

27
Q

How does the loop of Henle make contact with the juxtaglomerular nephron?

A

Its long loops plunge deep into the medulla

28
Q

What do the peritubular capillaries in the Juxtaglomerular nephron present as?

A

They form hairpin loops called vasa recta

29
Q

What are the three basic renal processes involved in urine prod.

A

Tubular Secretion, Tubular Resorption, and Glomerular Filtration

30
Q

What is Glomerular Filtration

A

Process where protein free plasma is filtered from the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule

31
Q

All blood constituents except______ & ______ non-selectively enter the tubular component of the nephron

A

Plasma proteins and Blood cells

32
Q

How much glomerular filtrate is produced from a 10 kg Beagle in a minute

A

37ml (3.7 ml/kg/min)

33
Q

How much glomerular filtrate per minute and per day are produced

A

125mL per hour and 180 Liter per day

34
Q

Tubular resorption is

A

The selective movement of filtered substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries

35
Q

How much filtered substance is resorbed and excreted?

A

99% is resorbed, 1% is excreted as urine

36
Q

Tubular secretion is

A

Selective movement of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen

37
Q

What is the best way to measure Kidney function

A

GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate)

38
Q

What substance gets filtered but not resorbed nor secreted?

A

Insulin

39
Q

If 100% of insulin is not filtered out, what condition will be caused?

A

Diabetes

40
Q

What substance gets filtered and completely resorbed but not secreted?

A

Glucose

41
Q

What substance gets filtered and partially resorbed, but not secreted

A

Urea

42
Q

What substance gets filtered and secreted, but not resorbed

A

H+ Ions

Renal Physiology (2 decks)

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