Introduction Flashcards
Speech and swallowing are referred to as:
brain, muscle, & bone processes
What are the 5 functional systems?
- Nervous system
- Respiratory system
- Phonatory system
- Articulatory system
- Auditory system
- Master Planner
- Develops thoughts into words/sounds, then turns them into muscle movement or motor plans & sends those plans to muscles.
Nervous system
- Power Source
- Provides breath support for speech consisting of exhaled airstream
Respiratory system
- Sound Source
- Using exhaled airstream produces buzz-like sound for AUDIBILITY over distance
Phonatory system
- Sound Shaper
- Rapidly modifies buzz-like sound into various recognizable speech sounds
Articulatory system
- Sound Converter (converter NOT interpreter)
- Collects “heard” aspects of speech & converts them into signals the brain can make sense of. It sends these signals to the brain for interpretation! (the brain extracts meaning)
Auditory system
What are the two roles of the nervous system?
Speaker & Listener
Monitors self for accuracy of spoken messages & monitors listener for signs of comprehension of intended message
speaker role
Monitors self for accuracy of spoken messages & monitors listener for signs of comprehension of intended message
speaker role
Interprets & understands speaker’s message, complemented by non-verbal cues & context
listener role
Characteristics:
- L. sagitta = arrow
- vertical cut into right & left “half”
Sagittal plane
Characteristics:
- L. Root: Crown
- Vertical cut into front & back “half”
- Also frontal section
Coronal plane (frontal)
Characteristics:
- “side-to-side”
- Horizontal cut into upper & lower “half”
Transverse plane
Define “speech sound”
the acoustic product of speaking
What is Speech Science?
- the study of how speech sound is produced, transmitted, & perceived.
- may also include swallowing.
- this is studied using systematic observations & measurements.
What are the six observations/measurements of speech?
- Neural
- Muscular
- Structural
- Aeromechanical
- Acoustic
- Perceptual
Provides evidence on how we…
- convert thoughts into words, & words into muscle movements
- bite, chew, taste, smell, & swallow food
Neural level
Provides evidence of…
- muscle attachments & how they produce mechanical pulls on structures related to speech & swallowing
Muscular level
Provides evidence of how…
- movements of the structures related to Respiration, Phonation, & Articulation produce speech & contribute to swallowing
Structural level
Provides evidence on how…
- Structural movements results in air movements and air pressure changes needed for “heard” speech
Aeromechanical level
Provides evidence on how…
- Speech is sound that can be “heard”
Acoustic level
Provides evidence of how speech can be experienced:
- By speaker/Listener at multiple levels like auditory, visual, swallowing (especially in terms of taste, temperature, texture, & smell)
Perceptual level
Why is speech important?
- Differentiates typical from atypical speech
Ex. Adductor spastic dysphonia - Differentiates typical from atypical swallowing
Ex. young vs. elderly swallow (note: both are typical, but it takes the elderly longer to swallow) - Assists in clinical assessments
1) make diagnosis
2) develop a treatment plan
3) monitor treatment progress
