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M2 PHARMACOGNOSY > INTRODUCTION > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

Three disciplines devoted to drugs

A

Pharmacology
Pharmacognosy
Medicinal chemistry

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2
Q

Two constituents of drugs:

A

Active constituents

Inert constituents

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3
Q

Compounds that are responsible for the therapeutic effect.

A

Active constituents

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4
Q

Constituent with no pharmacologic activity

A

Inert constituents

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5
Q

Three secondary constituents

A

Heredity
Ontogeny
Environmental Factors

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6
Q

Study of the biochemical pathways leading to the formation of secondary constituents used as drugs

A

Drug biosynthesis

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7
Q

Made papyrus ebers

A

George Ebers

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8
Q

Content of papyrus ebers

A

Use of plant & animals in medicine

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9
Q

Egyptian document

A

Papyrus ebers

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10
Q

Book authored by Dioscorides

A

De Materia Medica

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11
Q

Content of De Materia Medica

A

Use of 600 medicinal plants

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12
Q

Method of processes of preparing formulas containing animal & plant drugs

A

Galenical pharmacy

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13
Q

Name of Galen

A

Claudius Galen

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14
Q

Who coined the term Pharmacognosy

A

C. A. Sydler

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15
Q

Words where pharmacognosy is derived from

A

pharmakon - “drug”

gnosis - “knowledge

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16
Q

First one to use the term Pharmacognosy in literature

A

J.A. Schmidth

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17
Q

French Pharmacist and made quinine w/ the collaboration of Pelletiere

A

Joseph Caventou

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18
Q

Phytochemist who discovered codein and narcotine

A

Pierre Robiquet

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19
Q

German Pharmacist who discovered hyoscyamine

A

Rudolf Brandes

20
Q

Discovered atropine w/ the collaboration of Rudolf Brandes

A

Philip Geiger

21
Q

Father of Botany

A

Theophrastus

22
Q

Plant grows in their native countries

A

Indigenous

23
Q

Grew in foreign land other than their native countries

A

Naturalized

24
Q

Substances that are found in nature that comprise whole plants & herbs

A

Natural substances

25
Q

Single substance/s which are considered as chief constituents of the drugs

A

Derivatives

26
Q

Vegetable or animal drugs that consist of natural substances that have undergone only the presence of COLLECTION & DRYING.

A

Crude drugs

27
Q

Three classifications of drug constituents

A

Natural
Semi-synthetic
Totally synthetic

28
Q

Classification of drug constituents that are directly obtained from nature

A

Natural constituents

29
Q

Classification of drug constituents from chemical modification of a natural constituent

A

Semi-synthetic

30
Q

Ex: Camphor from Camphor Plants

What classification of drug constituent?

A

Natural constituent

31
Q

Ex: Camphor < pinene < pine trees

What classification of drug constituent?

A

Semi-synthetic

32
Q

Classification of drug constituent that manufactures from chemical synthesis

A

Totally synthetic

33
Q

5 ways of preparation of crude drugs

A 
Collection
Harvesting
Drying
Curing
Garbling
Packaging, storage, preservation
34
Q

What to do in the collection of crude drugs?

A

Select the species to cultivate

35
Q

Two ways of harvesting of crude drugs

A

Manual labor

Mechanical devices

36
Q

What does drying of species lower?

A

Bacterial growth
Fungi growth
Hydrolysis

37
Q

Method of enhancing the properties of the active ingredient

38
Q

Physical process of removing extraneous material

A

Exposure of the drug to 65C Temperature
Methyl Bromide
Chloroform

39
Q

Simplest form in preventing insect attacks & other form of destruction

A

Exposure of the drug to 65C Temperature

40
Q

Use of methyl bromide in preservation of drugs

A

Fumigation of large lots of crude drugs

41
Q

Amount of chloroform to control insect attack

42
Q

5 Methods of Evaluation of Crude Drugs

A 
Biological
Chemical
Microcopic
Morphological
Physical
43
Q

4 classifications of drugs

A

Morphologic
Taxonomic
Pharmacologic
Chemical

44
Q

Classification of drug that is based on the part used

A

Morphologic

45
Q

Classification of drug that is based on the relationship or phylogeny

46
Q

Classification of drugs that are based on therapeutic activity

A

Pharmacologic

47
Q

Classification of drugs that is based on the chemical class of the constituents

A

Chemical classification

M2 PHARMACOGNOSY (3 decks)

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