Introduction

Question 1

Definition of parasitology

Answer 1

It is the science of studying parasites that affect the man

Question 2

Definition of commensalism

Answer 2

One organisim benefits from the other but does not harm it

Question 3

Mutualism definition

Answer 3

Shared benefits are present

Question 4

Parasitism

Answer 4

One organism is benefited and the other is harmed

Question 5

Vector:

Answer 5

An arthropod that carries parasite to its host

Question 6

Host:

Answer 6

The organism that harbor the parasite and is usually larger than it

Question 7

Types of hosts:

Answer 7

Definitive host
Intermediate host 
Reservoir host
Accedental host
Complete host

Question 8

Definitive host:

Answer 8

In which final or sexullay mature stages of the parasite develop

Question 9

Intermediate host:

Answer 9

In which asexual or immature stages of the parasite develop

Question 10

Reservoir host:

Answer 10

Animal that harbor the same species of parasite like man and considered a sorce of infection to him

Question 11

Accidental host

Answer 11

An organism that is not normally infected with the parasite but once infected, life cycle of the parasite continues

Question 12

Complete host

Answer 12

When one host acts as both definitive and intermideate host

Question 13

Diseases of animals that are transmitted to man are called:

Answer 13

ZOONOTIC DISEASES

Question 14

Symbiosis

Answer 14

When a pair of dissimilar organisms live together in an intimate association

Question 15

The chain of infection:

Answer 15

The causative organism –>The reservoir host –> Portal of exit –>Mode of infection
^ I
I I
I V
The suceptible host

Question 16

Ectoparasite

Answer 16

Live of the surface of the host body

Question 17

Endoparasite

Answer 17

Live within the body of the host

Can be intracellular or extracellular

Question 18

Obligate parasite

Answer 18

Completely depends on the host

Question 19

Facultative parasite

Answer 19

Capable of living both freely and as a parasite

Question 20

Accidental parasite

Answer 20

Parasite found in host other than its normal one

Question 21

Opportunistic parasite

Answer 21

Occus in immunocompromised individuals and causes nothing to mild symptoms in immunocompetent patients

Question 22

Direct effects of parasite on the host

Answer 22

• Impairment of nourishment
• Mechanical or traumatic effect
• Toxic effect
• Secondary infection

Question 23

Indirect effects of parasite on the host

Answer 23

• Generalized (Fever, malaise, weakness, Anaemia, eosinophilia, leucocytosis, leucopenia, Allergic reactions.)
• Localized (Gastrointestinal (colic, dyspepsia, diarrhoea …)
  Neurological (headache,convulsion,paralysis)
  Respiratory (cough,dyspnea,wheezes)
  Cutaneous (itching,rashes,ulceration))

Question 24

Parasites survive mostly in ……… and ………….. regions

Answer 24

tropical ……. subtropical

Question 25

Host factors that determine parasite distribution:

Answer 25

• Host specificity, as some parasites require man as a host where others require dogs or cats.
• Host habits, e.g. consumption of raw or undercooked meat or fish and raw vegetables.
• Host occupation, e.g. farmer, fisherman
• The presence of an appropriate vector or I.H.
• The presence of an appropriate reservoir host.

Question 26

Environmental factors that determine parasite distribution:

Answer 26

• The presence of water,
• Temperature,
• Humidity