Introduction Flashcards
hydrogen is similar as well as dissimilar to
alkali metals and halogens
ionisation energy of H is near to
halogens
isotopes have similar ____ and dissimilar ______
chemical properties (same electronic configuration) physical properties (different mass)
isotope of hydrogen
protium
dueterium
tritium
metal + acid =
salt + hydrogen
Zn + NaOH =
Na2ZnO2 + H2
Al + NaOH =
NaAlO2 + H2
in electrolysis of acidified H2O, ___ rods are used
Pt
purest form of H2 is obtained from
electrolysis of Ba(OH)2 with Ni electrodes
Bosch’s process
C + H2O = CO + H2
catalyst of water gas shift
Fe2(CrO4)3
CO2 is absorbed by
Basic Salt
NaAsO2
sodium aresnite
CO is absorbed by
.ammoniacal cupurous chloride
Lane’s process
Fe + H2O = Fe2O4 + H2
preparation of dihydrogen
- laboratory
i. metal + acid
ii. amphoteric metal + base - commercial
i. electrolysis of H2O
ii. hydrocarbon
iii. electrolysis of Ba(OH)2
iv. electolysis of brime
v. lane’s process
bond dissassociation energy of H2 is
maximum among single bonded homo atoms
chemical reactions
- X
- O
- N
- Alkali metal
- as reducing agent
- unsturated H-C
- oxo-process
oxo-process
alkene + water gas in presence of Co = aldehyde
CO + H2 in presence of Co
CH3OH
types of hydride
- ionic
- covalent
- metallic
s-block metals forming covalent hydrides
LiH, BeH2, MgH2
______ hydrides exist in polymeric form
BeH2
MgH2
3 centered two electron bond
banana bond
hydrolith
CaH2
LiH + H2O =
no reaction due to covalent charachter
types of covalent hydrides
- electron deficient
- electron precise
- electron rich
bond energy of halides down the group
decreases
acidic strength of hydride down the group
increases
which d and f blocks element do not form metallic hydrides
group 7, 8, 9
and group 6, only Cr forms hydride
oxidation state of M and H in metallic hydride is
0
hydrogen in metallic hydride exist in
in different lattice
_____ law is not followed by metallic hydride
law of constant composition
metallic hydrides conduct electricity
less effectively as compared to pure metal
______ elements can absorb lot of hydrogen thus used in its storage
Pd, Pt
NH3, HF, H2O, H2O2 (compare BP)
NH3 < HF < H2O < H2O2
H2O have high
dielectric constant heat capacity heat of fusion heat of vaporisation surface tension MP and BP
bond angle of H2O
104.5 degree
ice is a thermal
insulator
existence of aquatic life
densest water
4 degree C
ice has a _____ structure
hexagonal
2H2O = H3O+ + OH-
self-protolysis
self-ionisation
of water
heavy hydrogen
duterium
heavy water
D2O
H2O is trapped in the lattice of
BaCl2
all properties of D2O is greater than H2O but ______ property of D2O is less than of that of H2O
dielectric constant
hard water contains
bicarbonate / chloride / sulphate / nitrate salts of Mg and Ca
temperory hardness of water is due to
bicarbonate salts of Mg2+ and Ca2+
temperory hardness can be removed by
- boiling
2. clark’s method
reagant used in clark’s method
Ca(OH)2
percipitate formed in clark’s method
CaCO3 , Mg(OH)2
ways to remove permanent hardness
- keep on adding soap
- using washing soda
- calgon method
- ion exchange method
- synthetic resin method
reaction involved in washing soda way to remove permanent hardness
MSO4 + Na2CO3 = MCO3 + Na2SO4
MCl2 + Na2CO3 = MCO3 + NaCl
M = Mg2+ or Ca2+
reagant for calgon method
sodium hexametaphosphate
sodium hexametaphosphate
Na6P6O18
Na2[Na4(PO3)6]
commercial name of sodium hexametaphosphate
calgon
zeolite
Na Al Si O4
sodium aluminiumsilicate
permulite another name
zeolite
synthetic resin method
hard water > cation exchange(acid resin) > acidic soft water > anion exchange > basic resin > demineralised neutral water
open book structure
H2O2
BaO2.8H2O + H2SO4
BaSO4 + H2O2
electrolysis of HSO4-
HO3S-O-O-SO3H > hydrolysis > H2O2 + H2SO4
structure of 2-ethylanthraquinol
C16H12O2
structure of 2-ethylanthraquinone
C16H12O2
industrial preparation of H2O2
auto-oxidation of 2-ethylanthraquinol
preparation of D2O2
K2S2O8 + D2O = KDSO4 + D2O2
H2O2 can act as
oxidising as well as reducing agent
H2O2 as reducing agent
converts into O2
H2O2 as a oxidising agent converts into
H2O
addition of ______ stabilizes H2O2
Urea, H3PO4, Glycerol, Acetanilide
D2O is formed by
exhaustive electrolysis of H2O
repetitive distillation and condensation
D2O is used ion nuclear reactor as
moderator
special forms of H2
- atomic
- nascent
- adsorbed
- nuclear isomer
types of nuclear isomer
ortho (same)
para (opposite)
difference in spin
more abundent nuclear hydrogen
ortho (75%)
100% at 0K
most stable nuclear hydrogen
para
magnetic moment of para
zero
magnetic moment of ortho
twice that of proton
Fenton’s Reagent
FeSO4 + H2O2