introduction Flashcards
the international federation for emergency medicine defined emergency medicine as?
(1991)
a field of practice based on skills and knowledge to manage, diagnose and prevent acute and urgent illness/injury of patients from all ages physically or mentally
what is the goal of emergency medicine?
asses patients rapidly/accurately
equips drs with skills and knowledge for urgent needs
resuscitate and stabilize patients according to priority
what is an emergency?
an unexpected, difficult and dangerous accident which happens suddenly and requires quick action
what is the goal of an emergency response procedure?
diminish the impact of an accident to people and the environment
what is a traffic incident?
a collision involving two or more vehicles/ moving objects
how many people die each year as a result or road traffic accidents?
1.3 million people
how are traffic accidents managed?
by ABCD manner
when do electrical burns happen?
electrical burns happen when a source of electrical power makes contact with someone and a current is transmitted through their body
what are lifesaving measures for patients with burn injuries?
stop the burning process
ensure the airway and ventilation are adequate
manage circulation by gaining intravenoud access
what is a common cause of death?
drowning
what is the most important detrimental consequence of drowning?
hypoxia
what is the secondary event/consequence of downing?
cardiac arrest
what is a critical factor in determining a drowning patients outcome?
the duration of hypoxia
what should be restored asap in a drowning victim since hypoxias duration is a critical factor?
oxygenation, ventilation and perfusion
how is a drowning patient managed?
WATER is used watch airway talk exit air rescue breaths
in major incidents what should be done?
preparation, triage and abdc
patients treatment priorities are established based on what?
their injuries, vital signs and injury mechanisms
during the primary survey, life threatening conditions are identified and treated in a prioritized sequence based on what?
the effect of injuries on the patients physiology
a patients vital signs must be assessed in what way?
a quick and efficient way
what is a primary survey?
ABCDE airway breathing circulation disability exposure
what is the secondary survey and what does it include?
its a survey that begins after the primary survey is completed after resuscitation and vital function improvement is done and it includes history, AMPLE and physical examination
what is important in 1st aid poisoning?
type of poisoning and management
what are slings used for?
supporting an injured arm or wrist
immobilizing fractures
elevating to control external bleeding
what is a common complaint in the ED?
seizures
the diagnosis of a seizure has significant implications for an individual in terms of what?
lifestyle, employment, driving, insurance and medication
because the diagnosis of seizures effects the patients whole lifestyle, work, driving, medication …. etc. it should only be done when?
there is certainty
what is key to distinguishing between a seizure and a collapse?
history taking
fracture and dislocation
type of fracture site type of joint type of dislocation management
injuries and fractures
primary survey
adjuncts to the primary survey
secondary survey
definitive treatment
burns
type of burn
degree of burn
management
complication
bites and stings
ER
first aid
head injury
type of injury
mechanism
management
what does AED stand for?
automated external defibrillator
what is an AED?
a lightweight, portable device that delivers an electrical shock through the chest and heart
it can stop a irregular heart beat (arrhythmia) and allow a normal rhythm to resume following a cardiac arrest (SCA)
electrical incident is managed by what?
ABCDE
what is the life saving step in a burning incident?
to stop the burning process
fluids are imp too because skin will be dehydrated and tight
since drowning patients may have spine injuries because they might have hit their heads how is Airway managed?
jaw thrust
how is CPR in drowning?
rescue breaths first then chest compressions
what is a major incident?
a group of people
primary survey is?
rapid and fast to stabilize the patient
D in ABCD is divided into?
ALS and traumatic
ALS is random blood sugar + GCS
traumatic is only GCS
secondary survey is more?
detailed (from head to toe)
what is not to be done on a poisoning patient?
make them drink something or make them throw up because may cause aspiration pneumonia
gastric lavage is only done if?
the patient is brought to the hospital within the first hour of non liquid poison (liquid instantly gets absorbed)
what is activated charcoal?
a poison antidot
greenstick for fractures is used in?
children
what is a seizure?
abnormal body movement
what are the 2 seizure guidelines?
dont put anything in mouth
put them in left lateral position
what type of fracture bleeds alot?
femoral fractures
why is facial injury dangerous?
becuase of the airway
intubation is done in?
ASL
in a very bad face injury what is done instead of intubation?
Tracy ostomy
what is the most dangerous type of chemical burns?
alkaline burns aka basic chemical burns
what are the degrees of burns?
3 degrees
sunburn
superficial and deep areas of skin muscle and shit
qurbasar
what is the parkland formula?
4ml x TBSA (%) x body weight (kg); 50% given in first eight hours; 50% given in next 16 hours
in bites and stings?
u should get away from danger
dont suck nor cut
what is acceleration head injury?
a type of head injury that causes concussion and post traumatic amnesia
what to do in head injury?
airway and oxygen
CT scan
dont move head due to possible spine injury
AED should be?
portable
ambulance equipment?
oxygen splinter spinal board suction monitor..... etc.
