Introduction

Question 1

referred to a theatrical mask worn by Roman actors in Greek dramas.

Answer 1

persona

Question 2

is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique
characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior
(Roberts & Mroczek, 2008)

Answer 2

personality

Question 3

____ contribute to individual differences in behavior,
consistency of behavior over time, and stability of behavior across situations. _____
may be unique, common to some group, or shared by the entire species, but their
pattern is different for each individual.

Answer 3

Traits

Question 4

_____ are unique qualities of an

individual that include such attributes as temperament, physique, and intelligence.

Answer 4

Characteristics

Question 5

is a set of related assumptions that allows scientists to use logical
deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses.

Answer 5

Theory

Question 6

means love of wisdom, and philosophers are people who pursue wisdom through thinking and reasoning.

Answer 6

Philosophy

Question 7

are tools used by scientists to generate research and organize observations.

Answer 7

Theories

Question 8

is an educated guess or prediction specific enough for its validity to be tested through
the use of the scientific method.

Answer 8

hypothesis

Question 9

is the branch
of study concerned with observation and classification of data and with the verification of general laws through the testing of hypotheses.

Answer 9

Science

Question 10

is a classification of things according to their natural relationships.

Answer 10

taxonomy

Question 11

focused on the importance of early childhood experience and on
relationships with parents as guiding forces that shape personality development.

Answer 11

Psychodynamic Theories

Question 12

people strive toward meaning, growth, well-being, happiness, and psychological health. States of positive emotion and happiness foster
psychological health and pro-social behavior.

Answer 12

Humanistic-Existential Theories

Question 13

argue that the unique and long-term tendencies to behave
in particular ways are the essence of our personality. These unique dispositions,
such as extraversion or anxiety, are called traits.

Answer 13

Dispositional Theories

Question 14

Behavior, thought, feelings, and personality are influenced by differences in basic
genetic, epigenetic, and neurological systems between individuals.

Answer 14

Biological-Evolutionary Theories

Question 15

If you want to understand behavior, then focus only on behavior, not on hypothetical and unobservable internal states such as thoughts, feelings, drives, or
motives. All behaviors are learned through association and/or its consequences

Answer 15

Learning-(Social) Cognitive Theories