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Pharmacognosy > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

knowledge of drugs and pharmaceuticals

A

Pharmacognosy

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2
Q

pharmakon

A

(drugs)

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3
Q

gnosis

A

(knowledge)

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4
Q

made clay models of man

A

Babylonians

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5
Q

very apt in the practice of embalming

A

Egyptians

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6
Q

De materia medica libre cinque (five volumes), 600 plants

A

Pedanios Dioscorides

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7
Q

described the method of preparing formulas containing plant and animal drugs and the term
”Galenical pharmacy” originated Cold cream Galen’s cerate

A

( Galen) Rome

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8
Q

coined the term pharmacognosy in his dissertation in 1815 (title: Anaclectica pharmacognosthica)

A

C.A. Seydler

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9
Q

most comprehensive definition of pharmacognosy : “simultaneous application of various scientific
disciplines with the object of acquiring knowledge of drugs from every point of view”

A

Fluckiger

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10
Q

Lerbuch der Materia medica

A

J.A. Schmidt

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11
Q

“an applied science that deals with the biologic , biochemical and economic features of natural drugs and
their constituents that originate in the plant and animal kingdom”

A

Pharmacognosy

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12
Q

The undissolved portion of the drug

A

marc

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13
Q

Product of extraction process:

A

Percolate/Extractive

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14
Q

Removes substances that can be dissolved by the:

A

solvent/menstruum

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15
Q

undergone only collection and drying

A

Crude Drugs

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16
Q

have not had changes made in their molecular structure as found in nature

A

Natural Substances

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17
Q

chief constituents obtained by extraction

A

Derivatives

Extractives

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18
Q

region in which the plant or animal yielding the drug grows

A

Geographic source & Habitat

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19
Q

growing in their native countries

A

Indigenous

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20
Q

growing in foreign land

A

Naturalized

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21
Q

(small collection time part of the plant that constitutes the drug is highest in its content of AI

A

Collection

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22
Q

(large scale)
 Mechanical devices : pickers, mowers, binders, swath, steel
 Manual for potent constituents

A

Harvesting

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23
Q

(Air Drying and Artificial Air
remove moisture, fixes the constituents, prevent molding, facilitate grinding and milling,
prevent action of bacteria, prevent environmental hydrolysis

A

Drying

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24
Q

final stage ; removal of extraneous matter other parts of the plant, dirt, added adulterants

A

Garbling

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25
Q

To avoid insect attacks:

A

a. SIMPLEST METHOD: Expose the drug to 65 C
b. Fumigation with methyl bromide
c. Add a drop of chloroform or carbon tetrachloride

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26
Q

Fats

A

Hexane

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27
Q

Resins

A

Alcohol

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28
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Acetone

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29
Q

Chrysarobin

A

Hot benzene

30
Q

Pectin

A

citrus fruits

31
Q

Unripe fruits

A

protopectin

32
Q

Just ripe

A

pectin

33
Q

Overripe

A

pectic acid

34
Q

Marijuana

A

Young leaves - cannabidiol Mature leaves - cannabinol (THC)

35
Q

Aloe

A

Emollient, tx for burns

36
Q

Belladonna

beautiful lady

A

Atropine

mydriatic SE: cycloplegia

37
Q

Tamoxifen

A

For breast CA ( SE: endometrial CA)

38
Q

Colchicum

A

Acute gout

39
Q

Allopurinol

A

Chronic gout Xanthine Oxidase inhibitor

40
Q

Ergot

((“fingers” Claviceps purpurea

A

Ergotamine
migraine ), Ergonovine oxytocic ),
LSD hallucinogen

41
Q

Opium

A

stone of immortality

42
Q

Premarin

A

Estrogen derivative from MARE

43
Q

Digoxin

A

(Digitalis lanata)

44
Q

Digitoxin (Digitalis purpurea)

A

Lipid soluble, Long half life

45
Q

Shabu

A

Ice , Meth

46
Q

Ecstacy

A

Sky

47
Q

Marijuana

A

Hashish , MJ/Maryjane , Pot , Grass , Weed , Cannabis , Indian hemp

48
Q

(intrinsic property)

A

quality

49
Q

(absence of adulterants) of drugs

A

purity

50
Q

by means of the organs of sense; macroscopic appearance

A

Organoleptic

51
Q

essential in the study of adulterant in powdered plants (identity and purity)

A

Microscopic

52
Q

pharmacologic activity of certain drugs has been applied to their evaluation or standardization

A

Biologic

53
Q

assay of AC using chemicals (titration); best method of determining official potency

A

Chemical

54
Q

physical constant s (solubility, spec grav, optical rotation , congealing point, refractive index, MP)

A

Physical

55
Q

Digoxin

A

pigeon

56
Q

Atropine

A

cats

57
Q

Glucagon

A

cats

58
Q

Oxytocin

A

chicken (F)

59
Q

Head drop test

A

rabbits/rats

60
Q

PTH

A

dogs

61
Q

Heparin

A

sheep plasma

62
Q

Insulin

A

rabbit

63
Q

forms

A

Morphology

64
Q

phylogeny (natural relationship or among plants and animals

A

Taxonomy

65
Q

based on effect on the body

A

Pharmacologic or Therapeutic

66
Q

based on active constituents; Preferred Method of Classification

A

Chemical classification

67
Q

cause chemical changes in the preparation

A

Pharmaceutically active

68
Q

responsible for t he therapeutic activity

A

Pharmacologically active

69
Q

no definite pharmacologic activity

A

Inert constituents

70
Q

extracted, crystallized and purified; presence of inert matter which may modify
or prevent absorbability or potency of AC

A

Secondary plant substance

71
Q

study of the biochemical pathways leading to formation of secondary constituents (drugs)

A

Drug biosynthesis/Biogenesis

72
Q

3 Principal factors that influenced the secondary constituents of drug plants:

A
  1. heredity (genetic composition)
  2. ontogeny (stage of development)
  3. environment (soil, climate, associated flora and method of cultivation)

Pharmacognosy (11 decks)

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