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Nutrition Assessment > Introducition to Nutrition Assessment > Flashcards

Introducition to Nutrition Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Health status of an
individual or population
groups as influenced by
their intake and utilization
of nutrients, which
change throughout the life
cycle

A

Nutritional Status or Nutriture

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2
Q

THE BODY HAS AN ADEQUATE
SUPPLY OF ESSENTIAL
NUTRIENTS THAT ARE
EFFICIENTLY UTILIZED SUCH
THAT GROWTH AND GOOD
HEALTH ARE MAINTAINED AT
THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE LEVEL

A

Good or Optimal Nutrition

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3
Q

pathological state due to a
relative or an absolute
deficiency or excess of
essential nutrients at the
cellular level for a long
period of time.

The condition manifests
itself by physical,
physiological and
biochemical abnormalities

A

MALNUTRITION

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4
Q

2 Forms of Malnutrition

A

UNDERNUTRITION
OVERNUTRITION

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5
Q

a deficiency state due to lack of
calories and or one or more of
the essential nutrients

A

UNDERNUTRITION

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6
Q

refers to an excess of one or more nutrients but usually due to an excess of energy

A

OVERNUTRITION

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7
Q

a process to identify an individual
who is malnourished or who is at
risk for malnutrition to determine
if a detailed nutrition assessment
is indicated

A

NUTRITION SCREENING

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8
Q

nutrition screening can be done by any member of the health-care team such as:

A

dietitian, dietetic technician, dietary manager, nurse, or physician

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9
Q

The Academy of Nutrition
and Dietetics defines
as
“a systematic method for
obtaining, verifying, and
interpreting data needed to
identify nutrition-related
problems, their causes and
their significance

A

NUTRITION ASSESSMENT

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10
Q

nutrition assessment abcd

A

*Anthropometric
*Biochemical
*Dietary
*Clinical
*Nutrition Focused Physical Exam

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11
Q

*Identify individual who ismalnourished
* at risk of malnutrition

Objectives:
* predict probability of outcome
due to nutritional factor
* predict if nutritional
intervention will be beneficial

A

NUTRITION SCREENING

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12
Q

Comprehensive approach to
define nutrition status:
A, B, C, D

Objectives:
* Determine nutrition status
* formulate an appropriate
nutrition care plan

A

NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT

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13
Q

5 Nutrtion Screening tools

A
  1. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)-Nestle
  2. Nutrition Screening Initiative - DETERMINE checklist
  3. MUST (Malnutrition Universal
    Screening Tool)
  4. MST (Malnutrition Screening Tool)
  5. Nutrition Risk Screenin
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14
Q

forms of Mini Nutritional Assessment (Nestle)

A

SCREENING

ASSESSMENT

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15
Q
  • BMI (kg/m2)
  • Weight loss in past 3 months
  • Acute illness or major stress
    in past 3 months
  • Mobility
  • Dementia or depression
  • Has appetite & food intake
    decreased in past 3 months
A

Mini Nutritional Assessment (Nestle) – Screening Part

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16
Q

MNA SCREENING PART

Screening score is normal, not at risk, no need to complete assessment

A

12 points or greater

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17
Q

MNA SCREENING PART

Screening score means possible malnutrition, continue assessment

A

11 points or below

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18
Q

Scoring system
Full MNA -
>/= 24 : normal nutrition

  • < 24 : Further assessment and
    intervention
    Limitations:
  • Not capable of covering special aspects of
    malnutrition
    (eg; insufficient micronutrient intake)
  • Not suitable for pt receiving enteral tube feeding & no oral foods
  • Not suitable for all ages groups and disease
    states.
A

Mini Nutritional Assessment nestle-screening part

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19
Q

Design to increase community
dwelling elders awareness about
health and nutrition

  • Self-administered checklist
    determines need for referral to a
    health care professional
  • Not clinically validated
  • Suitable for community / out
    patient
A

Nutrition Screening
Initiative - DETERMINE

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20
Q

Nutrition Screening
Initiative - DETERMINE

A

Disease
Eating poorly
Tooth Loss/ Mouth Pain
Economic hardship
Reduce social contact
Multiple medicines
Involuntary weight loss/gain
Need assistance in Self-care
Elder year above age 80

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21
Q

scoring system in NUT SCREENING INITIATIVE DETERMINE

  • Good! Rechecked nutritional score in 6 months
A

0-2

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22
Q

scoring system in NUT SCREENING INITIATIVE DETERMINE

  • You are at moderate nutritional risk
    -Rechecked nutritional score in 3
A

3-5

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23
Q

scoring system in NUT SCREENING INITIATIVE DETERMINE

You are at high nutritional risk
Bring this checklist when you see
health care professionals and ask
for help to improve your nutritional
health.

A

> /= 6

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24
Q
  • Developed by BAPEN, UK
  • A practical, reliable, validated tool for nutrition screening
  • Allows comparable nutritional
    screening across different care
    settings by different health
    professionals
  • primary care, home, acute care,
    long term care (suitable both out-pt and in hospital setting)
A

MALNUTRITION UNIVERSAL SCREENING TOOLS (MUST)

25
Q

MUST Recommended
Management Guidelines

A

0 = Low risk: Routine Care
1 = Medium risk: Observe
>/= 2 = High Risk: Treat

26
Q

MUST RMG

repeat screening
- hospital: weekly
- care homes: monthly
- community: annually
for special group eg; >75yr

A

0 = Low risk: Routine Care

27
Q

MUST RMG

repeat screening
- hospital: weekly
- care homes: monthly
- community: annually
for special group eg; >75yr

A

1 = Medium risk: Observe

28
Q

MUST RMG

  • hospital: refer to dietitian/ implement local policies.
  • care homes: (as for hospital)
  • community: (as for hospital
A

> /= 2 = High Risk: Treat

29
Q
  1. Have you lost weight recently without trying?
    No 0
    Unsure 2
    If yes, how much weight (kg) have you lost?
    1-5 1
    6-10 2
    11- 15 3
    > 15 4
    Unsure 2
  2. Have you been eating poorly because of a decreased
    appetite?
    No 0
    Yes 1
    Total
    Score of 2 or more = patient at risk of malnutrition
A

MALNUTRITION SCREENING TOOLS OR MST

30
Q

MST score

Eating well with no recent weight loss

RESCREEN
If length of stay 7 days or more and weekly thereafter

A

Low risk MST= 0-1

31
Q

MST score

Eating poorly or recent weight loss of </= 13 lb

RECOMMENDED ORAL NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT
dietary consult within 48-72 hours

A

Medium risk MST = 2-3

32
Q

MST score

Eating poorly plus recent weight loss < 13 lb

RECOMMENDED ORAL NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT
Dietary consult within 24 hrs

A

High risk

33
Q

• Developed by Kondrup et al –ESPEN
• Used retrospective analysis of RCT
(adults)

Based on concept of: Indications for nutrition support are
a) the severity of undernutrition
b) the increase of nutritional
requirements from the disease
Screen includes measures of current
potential under nutrition and disease
severity

A

NUTRITION RISK SCREENING 2002

34
Q

Strengths:
• Proven to be a practical tool in the
hospital setting
• Can be facilitated by a range of
healthcare workers
• It meant to cover all possible pt
categories in a hospital
Limitation:
• May not effectively screen for
deficiencies or toxicities of certain
micronutrients

A

Nutrional Risk Screening 2002

35
Q

Immediate
• Minimum measurements
• Least expense
• Concise information
• Can be facilitated by any
member of health care
team

A

Nutrition screening

36
Q

• Longer time
• More measurements
• More expense
• In – depth information
• Requires greater expertise in its
facilitation

A

Nutritional Assessment

37
Q

The objectives of the survey are to
determine and evaluate the food
intakes, nutrition and health status
of Filipinos, and provide official
statistics on food, nutrition and health situations of the country

A

Nutrition Survey

38
Q

OBJECTIVES
• To establish baseline nutritional
data and/or ascertain the overall
nutritional status of the population
• To identify and describe those
population subgroups at-risk to
chronic malnutrition

A

Nutrition survey

39
Q

Identifies
• WHO are malnourished
• HOW MANY are malnourished
• WHERE are they
BUT does not give information on…
• WHAT type of malnutrition exists
(if only weight-for-age indicator is used)
• WHY does it exist

A

Nutrition survey

40
Q

• Continuous monitoring of the nutritional status of
selected population groups
• Data are collected, analyzed, and utilized for an
extended period of time
• Identify possible causes of malnutrition

A

Nutrition surveillance

41
Q

Data obtained can be used to formulate and
initiate intervention measures at the population
and subpopulation level
• Called ‘monitoring’ when carried out on selected
high-risk individual
Results obtained can be used for:
a. Long term planning
b. timely warning
c. Program management

A

Nutrition surveillance

42
Q

OBJECTIVES:
• To promote decisions by governments concerning
priorities and disposal of resources
• To formulate predictions on the basis of current
trends
• To evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition programs

A

Nutrition surveillance

43
Q

Initially identifies:
• WHO are malnourished
• HOW MANY are malnourished
• WHERE are they
• WHAT type of malnutrition exists(depends on
indicator used)
During monitoring it will answer:
• WHY it exists

A

Nutrition surveillance

44
Q

Direct Method of Nutrition Assessment

A

A- anthropometry
B – Biochemical
C – Clinical
D – Dietary

45
Q

Indirect methods of Nutrition Assessment

A

E – Ecological factors
F- Functional assessment
Vital statistics

46
Q

This is the measurement of body height,
weight & proportions.
• It is an essential component
of clinical examination of
infants, children & pregnant
women.
• It is used to evaluate both
under & over nutrition

A

Anthropometry

47
Q

Other anthropometric
Measurements

A

•Mid-arm circumference
• Skin fold thickness
• Head circumference
• Head/chest ratio
• Hip/waist ratio

48
Q

Biochemical or laboratory
methods include measuring a
nutrient or its metabolite in:
• Blood
• feces
• urine
• measuring a variety of other
components in blood and other
tissues that have a relationship
to nutritional status

A

Biochemical

49
Q

Hemoglobin estimation is the most
important test, & useful index of the
overall state of nutrition. Beside
anemia it also tells about protein &
trace element nutrition.
• Stool examination for the presence
of ova and/or intestinal parasites
• Urine dipstick & microscopy for
albumin, sugar and blood

A

Biochemical

50
Q

It is the simplest & most
practical method of ascertaining
the nutritional status of a group
of individuals
• It utilizes a number of physical
signs, (specific & non specific),
that are known to be associated
with malnutrition and deficiency
of vitamins & micronutrients.

A

Clinical

51
Q

General clinical examination,
with special attention to
organs like hair, angles of the
mouth, gums, nails, skin,
eyes, tongue, muscles,
bones, & thyroid gland

A

Clinical

52
Q

In this, the methods generally involve
surveys measuring the quantity of
the individual foods and
beverages consumed during the
course of one to several days or
assessing the pattern of food use
during the previous several
months.

A

Dietary

53
Q

Nutritional intake of humans is
assessed by five different methods.
These are:
• 24 hours dietary recall
• Food frequency questionnaire
• Dietary history since early life
• Food diary technique
• Observed food consumption

A

Dietary

54
Q

Nutritional intake of humans is
assessed by five different methods.
These are:
• 24 hours dietary recall
• Food frequency questionnaire
• Dietary history since early life
• Food dairy technique
• Observed food consumption

A

Ecological Factors

55
Q

This is an indirect method of assessing
food consumption, in which supplies
are related to census population to
derive levels of food consumption in
terms of per capita supply availability

A

Food Balance Sheet

56
Q

Advantage:
This method is cheaper and probably
simpler than any method of direct
assessment. This method give
indication of the general pattern of
food consumption in the country

A

Balance sheet

57
Q

Food consumption patterns are
likely to vary among various socioeconomic
groups. Family size,
occupation, income, education,
customs, cultural pattern in
relation to feeding practices of
consumption patterns.

A

Socio-economic factor

58
Q

Primary health care services,
feeding and immunization
programs should also be taken
into consideration.

A

Health and Educational services

59
Q

These include parasitic, bacterial,
and viral infections which
precipitate malnutrition. It is
necessary to make an “ecological
diagnosis” of various factors
influencing nutrition in the
community before it is possible to
put into effect measures for the
prevention and control of
malnutrition.

A

Condutioning Influences

Nutrition Assessment (1 decks)

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