Introducing SLA Saville-Troike & Barto

Question 1

L1

Answer 1

Mother tongue = language process starts before 3rd year = informal proces = part of growing up among people who speak it.

Question 2

L2

Answer 2

second language = learned in informal and/or formal setting (same effort needed to aqcquire other domains of knowledge) = part of process of becoming an educated individual.

Question 3

Linguistics

Answer 3

emphasize characteristics of the differences and similarities in lanugages that are being learned = linguistic competence (knowledge = grammar, vocab, text structures, register rules) and linguistic performance (production = skills)

Question 4

Linguistic competence

Answer 4

knowledge = grammar, vocab, text structures, register rules

Question 5

Linguistic perfomance

Answer 5

productions = reading, listening, writing & speech

Question 6

Psychologists/psycholinguists

Answer 6

emphasize mental or cognitive processes involved in acquisition = representation of languages in the brain (working memory, IQ, neurons etc)

Question 7

Sociolinguists

Answer 7

emphasize variability in learner linguistic performance => communicative competence (language use or pragmatic competence)

Question 8

Social psychologists

Answer 8

emphasize group-related phenomena; identity & social motivation (wrong pronouncing on purpose because of the group identity of mispronouncing)

Question 9

simultaneous multilingualism

Answer 9

acquisition of more than one language during early childhood <3yrs

Question 10

sequential multilingualism

Answer 10

learning additional languages after L1 has already been established

Question 11

bilingualism

Answer 11

The ability to use 2 languages

Question 12

second language

Answer 12

official or societally dominant language needed for education, employment and other basic purposes. Often acquired by minority group members or immigrants who speak another language natively (need for communication) (Sebastian in Utrecht)

Question 13

foreign language

Answer 13

not widely used in the learners’ immediate social context which might be used for future travel or other cross-cultural communication situations, or studied as a curricular requirement or elective in school, but wiht noimmediate or necessary practical application.

Question 14

auxiliary language

Answer 14

learners need to know for some official functions in their immediate political setting, or will need for purposes of wider communication, although their first language serves most other needs in their lives.

Question 15

auxiliary language

Answer 15

learners need to know for some official functions in their immediate political setting, or will need for purposes of wider communication, although their first language serves most other needs in their lives.

Question 16

language for specific purposes

Answer 16

typically focuses only on a narrow set of occupation-specific uses and functions (Spanish for Agriculture, English for Aviation Technology)

Question 17

3 Different approaches to study SLA

Answer 17

What exactly does the L2 learner come to know?

How does the learner acquire this knowledge?

Why are some learners more (or less) successful than other?

Question 18

monolingualism

Answer 18

ability to use only one language.

Question 19

multilingualism

Answer 19

ability to use two or more languages.

Question 20

Critique on SLA

Answer 20

1. linguistic information is often not officially collected.
2. Answers to questions seeking linguistic information may not be reliable.
3. lack of agreement on definition of terms and on criteria for identification

Question 21

7 Reasons for motivation to acquire a second language.

Answer 21

1. invasion or conquest of one’s country by speakers of another language
2. a need or desire to contact speakers of other languages in economic or other specific domains
3. Immigration to a country where