Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiorespiratory > Introducing Practice > Flashcards

Introducing Practice Flashcards

1
Q

What do you look for in the chest breathing pattern?

A

Depth
Chest movement - all elements together
Indrawing/recession of intercostal space
Paradoxial/Hoovers sign/frail rib fractures
Tracheal tug
Asymmetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does a pale skin colour suggest?

A

Anaemia

Low BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does a Ruddy (red cheeks) skin colour suggest?

A

Retaining CO2

Increased RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does a cyanosed(blue) skin colour suggest?

A

Lack of oxygen
Central
Peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the signs there is a problem?

A 
Shortness of breath 
Sputum 
Cough 
Wheeze 
Pain 
Changes in exercise tolerance 
Functional ability 
Psychosocial changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is in the objective assessment?

A 
Observation 
Palpation 
Auscultation 
Chest x-rays & imaging 
Pulmonary function tests 
Pulse oximetry 
Arterial blood gases 
Functional ability/quality of life 
Exercise tolerance/tests 
Charts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do you look at in observation?

A 
General appearance 
Position 
Chest 
Skin colour 
Abdomen 
Use of accessory muscles 
Nasal flaring 
Lines, drains etc 
Oxygen therapy 
Quality of voice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do you look for in their eyes during observation?

A 
Pallor - anaemia 
Plethora - high Hb
Jaundice - liver/blood 
Drooping 
Oedema - fluid retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do you look for in their hands during observation?

A 
Flapping tremor 
Fine tremor 
Wastage 
Clubbing 
Nicotine stains 
Cyanosis 
Temperature - hot&cold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes clubbing?

A 
Cardiac
- congenital heart diseases 
- bacterial endocarditis 
Lung disease 
- infective (bronchiectasis, lung abscess, emphysema)
- fibrotic 
-malignant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do you look for in the mouth during observation?

A

Dry/dehydrated
Hydrated
Cyanosis
Pursed lip breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do you look for in oedema during observation?

A

Peripheral

Pitting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do you look for in their position during observation?

A

In bed slumped?, in a chair?
Position of ease
Fixing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do you look for in their chest shape?

A 
Scoliosis 
Kyphosis 
Kyphoscoliosis 
Pectus excavatum (funnel chest)
Pectus carinatum (pigeon chest)
Hyperinflated/barrel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do you look for in their chest wall movement?

A

Symmetrical increase in antero-posterior, transverse & vertical diameters of chest
2 components
-antero-posterior angle/pump handle
-transverse angle/bucket handle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do you look for in their chest work of breathing & shortness of breath?

A

WOB & SOB
Links to position, pursed lip breathing & accessory muscle
Able to talk in full sentences?
Needing pauses inbetween sentences?

17
Q

What do you look for in their abdomen?

A

In a reclined but not slumped posture
Applying a flat hand & palpate gently the abdomen just below the rib cage
Does the abdomen feel soft & mobile? Would the diaphragm be able to descend fully?

18
Q

What are the accessory muscles of inspiration?

A 
Sternocleidomastoid 
Latissimus dorsi 
Scalene 
Serratus anterior 
Pectoralis major and minor
19
Q

What are the accessory muscles of expiration?

A 
Rectus Abdominus 
External oblique 
Serratus posterior/inferior 
Internal oblique 
Transverse Abdominus 
Iliocostalis (lower fibres)
Quadratus Lumborum
20
Q

What do you look for in nasal flaring in observation?

A

Dilation of nostrils
Mainly seen in children
Attempt to decrease airway resistance

21
Q

Lines, drips and drains

A

Be aware

Make sure where they’re supposed to be

22
Q

What to look for with oxygen therapy

A

Type
Amount
Going up or down

23
Q

What do you look for in quality of voice?

A

Loudness
Wet sounding
Talking on full sentences
Audible sounds

24
Q

What do you palpate?

A 
Abdomen 
Chest expansion 
Trachea 
Sputum crackles/tactile fremitus/vocal fremitus
Pain 
Body temperature 
Skin 
Surgical emphysema 
Scars 
Response to touch
25
Q

What do you look for on palpation of abdomen?

A

Any movement
Any distension
Close relationship with diaphragm
Distended inhibits diaphragmatic movement -> restricts lung volumes & increases WOB

26
Q

What do you look for on palpation of chest expansion?

A

Combine observation and palpation

Hands on area of movement

27
Q

What do look for on palpation of trachea?

A

Where is it in relation to sternal notch?

Deviation?

28
Q

Tactile fremitus, vocal fremitus

A

Tactile fremitus is the transmission of crackles felt on the outside of the chest wall
Vocal fremitus measures speech vibrations transmitted through the chest wall. It increases when the underlying lung tissue is solid (consolidation) in some way & decreases in patients with pneumothorax or effusions

29
Q

What do you look for on palpation of skin & body temperature?

A 
Cold 
Clammy 
Hot 
Sweaty 
Hydration
30
Q

What do you look for on palpation in relation to surgical emphysema?

A

Air in the subcutaneous tissue of the chest, neck or face
Characteristic crackling on touch
Sign of pneumothorax

31
Q

What do you look for in scars & response to touch on palpation?

A

Note previous scars - cardiac & thoracic surgery, injury

Does the pattern of breathing alter on palpation

32
Q

What are other methods used in an objective?

A 
Auscultation 
Chest x-rays 
Pulse oximetry 
Pulmonary function tests 
Functional ability 
Quality of life 
Arterial blood gases 
Charts 
Exercise tests
33
Q

Functional ability/quality of life

A

Mixture of questionnaires
Occupation
Social history
In-hospital independence

34
Q

What are the exercise tolerance tests

A 
6 min walk test 
Incremental shuttle walk test 
3 min shuttle walk test 
Endurance shuttle test 
Chair-stand test 
Stair climbing test
35
Q

What are the different types of charts?

A 
Blood pressure 
Heart rate 
Temperature 
Oxygen requirements 
Oxygen saturations
Respiratory rate 
Weight
AVPU - level of consciousness
Fluid balance 
Urine output 
Medications
36
Q

Critical care charts

A 
Mode of ventilation 
FiO2
Heart rhythm 
Pressure support/volume control 
Airway pressure 
Tidal volume 
PEEP
CVP
GCs/AVPU
ABGs
Blood chemistry
37
Q

What is ventilation perfusion matching?

A

Ventilation and perfusion need to be in the same place at the same time for gas exchange to occur
The VQ ratio quantifies this match
Perfect match 1:1 and for normal blood gases achieved with a ratio of 0.8:1

38
Q

What is V/Q ratio?

A

V & Q increase independently from top to bottom of the lung that occurs in the vertical plane regardless of body position
Q is increase to a greater extent because gravity exerts a greater effect on blood than inspired air

Cardiorespiratory (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions