Introducing HTML and Addressing Web Pages — Unit 1

Question 1

What is the definition and full name of HTML?

Answer 1

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a modern standard markup language that uses common abbreviations called “tags’ to indicate to the web browser how the author would like to have sections of a web page laid out.

Question 2

A structural element to contain the main content is what?

Answer 2

<main>
</main>

Question 3

A structural element to contain stand-alone items of content, such as self-contained topic is what?

Answer 3

<article>
</article>

Question 4

A structural element to group together associated content, such as articles related to a common topic is what?

Answer 4

<section>
</section>

Question 5

A structural element to contain related content is what?

Answer 5

<aside>
</aside>

Question 6

Structural elements to contain standalone illustrations diagrams, or photos for reference is what?

Answer 6

<figure>, <figcaption>
</figcaption></figure>

Question 7

A structural element to contain page header content, such as a title, logo, and navigation is what?

Answer 7

<header>
</header>

Question 8

A structural element to contain page footer content, such as copyright information and contact details is what?

Answer 8

<footer>
</footer>

Question 9

Semantic elements to indicate pronunciation for East Asian languages, such as Japanese is what?

Answer 9

<ruby>, <rt>, and <rp></rp></rt></ruby>

Question 10

• Hot Tip *

Answer 10

HTML5 finally brings intrinsic support for audio and video content with codec support built into the browsers.

Question 11

DON’T FORGET

Answer 11

Much effort has been made in HTML5 so that it does not “break the web” — by continuing to define how browsers should deal with legacy markup code.

Question 12

Embedding elements to incorporate audio and video media, such as MP3 music files are what?

Answer 12

<audio>, <video>, and <source></source>
</video></audio>

Question 13

An embedding element to incorporate media that DOES require an external plug-in, such as movies in SWF format is what?

Answer 13

<embed></embed>

Question 14

An embedding element to create an area in which to dynamically draw bitmap graphics, such as graphs is what?

Answer 14

<canvas>
</canvas>

Question 15

Interactive elements to contain additional information that users can choose to read is what?

Answer 15

<details>, <summary>
</summary></details>

Question 16

Elements to add functionality to the web browser’s context menu is what?

Answer 16

<menu>, <menuitem>
</menuitem></menu>

Question 17

What do web servers use to allow any computer connected to any web server to access files across the web?

Answer 17

Web servers use the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) as a common communication standard to allow any computer connected to any web server to access files across the web.

Question 18

What are HTML web pages?

Answer 18

HTML web pages are merely plain text files that have been saved with a “.htm” or “.html” file extension, such as index.html

BEWARE

A web page address (URL) cannot contain any blank spaces.

Question 19

What is the web address formally known as?

Answer 19

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

Question 20

In order to access a file across the web, its web address must be entered into the address field of the web browser. The web address is formally known as its “Uniform Resource Locator” (URL) and typically has three parts. What are those three parts and their definition?

Answer 20

Protocol — Any URL using the HTTP protocol begins by specifying the protocol as http:// or secure https://

Domain — The host name of the computer from which the file can be downloaded.
For instance, www.example.com

Path — The virtual path to the file on the named domain, including any parent directory names where applicable
For instance, /htdocs/index.html

A URL describing the location of a file by protocol, domain, and path is stating its “absolute address”. So the absolute address of the file described by the protocol, domain, and path components above is

http://www.example.com/htdocs/index.html