Introdução à história Da Medicina Flashcards
What were the specialists in internal medicine called in ancient Babylon?
Advinhos (Barus)
They interpreted omens and dictated prophecies regarding the course of diseases.
What method did advinhos use to diagnose diseases?
Hepatoscopia in animals
They believed the liver was the seat of the soul and the center of vitality.
What did exorcists (Ashipu) do to treat diseases?
They inquired about the nature of offenses to the gods and extracted evil spirits through prayers and rituals.
List some demons associated with illnesses in Babylonian medicine.
- Ashakku - demon of consumption
- Irra - spirit of plague
- Alu - demon causing blindness
- Nergal - demon causing fever
- Tiu - demon of headache
- Namtar - evil spirit responsible for plague
What was the basic concept of disease according to Babylonian beliefs?
Diseases were caused by strange forces such as demons, spirits of the dead, or the indignation of the gods.
What role did priests play in Babylonian medicine?
They acted as curators, particularly for mental disorders considered possession by spirits.
What was the significance of the Ashipu in Babylonian medicine?
They were the primary agents of healing and responsible for diagnosing and performing exorcisms.
How did Babylonian physicians (Azu) learn their craft?
They were trained in temple-associated schools and relied on records inscribed on clay tablets.
What was the common treatment method for diseases in ancient Babylon?
Treatments often involved rituals, prayers, and the administration of various plants and minerals.
What was the perceived cause of epilepsy in Babylonian medicine?
It was believed to be caused by possession by a demon, with different demons responsible for different types.
Fill in the blank: The practice of medicine before the invention of writing is known as _______.
Pre-historic medicine.
What was a common treatment method during pre-historic times?
Use of plant derivatives and earth for treatment.
What was the average life expectancy in prehistoric times?
Between 25-40 years.
What types of injuries were common in prehistoric people?
- Osteoarthritis
- Fractures
- Deformities
What significant medical practices were found in ancient Egypt?
Suturing wounds, using herbal pastes, and preventing infections with honey.