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mammography > INTRO2MAMMOGRAPHY > Flashcards

INTRO2MAMMOGRAPHY Flashcards

1
Q

ADULT FEMALE BREAST: ___ LOBES

A

15 - 20

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2
Q

BREAST TISSUE BEGINS TO DEVELOP AROUND SIX WEEKS IN UTERO

A

FETAL DEVELOPMENT

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3
Q

DUCTS ARE PRESENT BUT NON-FUNCTIONAL - RESTING STATE

A

PREPUBERTY

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4
Q

DUCTS ELONGATED DUE TO ESTROGEN - BREAST BUD APPEARS

A

PUBERTY

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5
Q

PROGESTERONE INFLUENCE INITIATION OF OVULATION; DUCTS ELONGATE; SIDE BRANCHES OF DUCTS AND LOBULAR ELEMENTS FORM

A

YOUNG ADULT

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6
Q

LOBULAR ELEMENTS ARE WELL FORMED

A

MATURITY

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7
Q

DISTAL DUCTS GROW AND BRANCH; BREAST ENLARGE TWICE IT’S NORMAL WEIGHT; INCREASE IN MAMMARY BLOOD FLOW; VASCULAR ENGORGEMENT AND AREOLAR PIGMENTATION

A

PREGNANCY

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8
Q

LOBULES BEGIN TO RECEDE; LEAVING MOSTLY DUCTS, ADIPOSE TISSUE AND FIBROUS TISSUE

A

MENOPAUSE

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9
Q

During the 6th week of gestation, a pair of longitudinal thickening of the epidermis develop on the ventral surface of the embryo, extending from the axilla to the medial thigh called ____

A

MAMMARY RIDGES

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10
Q

MAMMARY RIDGES AKA

A
  1. MAMMARY LINES

2. MILK LINES

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11
Q

____ form along the milk lines, which extend from the axillae to the inguinal region

A

PLACODES

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12
Q

the small raised area in the center of the breast through which milk can flow to the out

A

NIPPLE

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13
Q

colored area around each nipple

A

AREOLA

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14
Q

average areola is ___ in diameter

A

4 cm

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15
Q

sebaceous (oil) glands that appear as small bumps around the dark area of the nipple

A

MONTGOMERY’S TUBERCLE

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16
Q

provide lubrication for the nipple and areola

A

MORGAGNI GLANDS

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17
Q

these glands secrete an oily fluid that lubricates the nipple and also secrete volatile compounds that are thought to serve as an olfactory, the stimulus for the newborn

A

SEBACEOUS

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18
Q
  • protects the nipple from irritation
A

SEBACEOUS GLANDS

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19
Q

secrete fat droplets into breast milk

A

SUDORIFEROUS

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20
Q
  • tail of breast tissue called the “axillary tail of Spence” extend laterally into the axilla
A

AXILLARY TAIL

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21
Q

the natural lower boundary of the breast, the place where the breast and the chest meet at the level of the 6th or 7th rib

A

INFRAMAMMARY FOLDS

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22
Q

breast tissue is encircled by a thin layer of connective tissue called

A

FASCIA

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23
Q

located between the membranous layer of superficial fascia and the deep fascia covering the muscles of the thorax

A

RETROMAMMARY SPACE

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24
Q

BREAST PARENCHYMAL COMPONENT

A
  1. FIBROFATTY
  2. FIBROGLANDULAR
  3. ADIPOSE TISSUE
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25
Q

holds the breast tissue in place

A

FIBROUS TISSUE

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26
Q

is the part of the breast that makes milk, called the lobes, and
the tubes that carry milk to the nipple, called ducts

A

GLANDULAR TISSUE

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27
Q

FIBROUS + GLANDULAR TISSUE

A

FIBROGLANDULAR TISSUE

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28
Q

includes the breast lobes and breast ducts

A

GLANDULAR TISSUE

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29
Q

fills in the spaces between glandular and fibrous tissue and largely
determines the breast siz

A

FATTY TISSUE

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30
Q

15 to 30yrs (& childless women >30yo)

A

FIBROGLANDULAR BREAST

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31
Q

Pregnant or lactating women

A

FIBROGLANDULAR BREAST

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32
Q

Radiographically dense, Very little fat

A

FIBROGLANDULAR BREAST

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33
Q

30 to 50yrs

A

FIBROFATTY BREAST

34
Q

Average radiographic density

50% fat & 50% fibroglandular

A

FIBROFATTY BREAST

35
Q

> 50yrs

A

FATTY BREAST

36
Q

Postmenopausal

A

FATTY BREAST

37
Q

Minimal radiographic

density

A

FATTY BREAST

38
Q

Breast of children & men

A

FATTY BREAST

39
Q

MOST SENSITIVE TO CA BY RADIATION

A

GLANDULAR

40
Q

is the part of a tissue or organ with a structural or connective role

A

STROMA

41
Q

surrounds large ducts and terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs)

A

INTERLOBULAR STROMA

42
Q

denser, more collagenous than intralobular connective tissue

A

INTERLOBULAR STROMA

43
Q
  • becomes more fatty after puberty; increase in volume of this compartment is responsible for majority of breast volume
A

INTERLOBULAR STROMA

44
Q
  • increased density of this compartment may make mammographic detection of breast lesions more difficult
A

INTERLOBULAR STROMA

45
Q
  • surrounds acini within terminal duct lobular units
A

INTRALOBULAR STROMA

46
Q

stroma is loose and contains fibroblasts, scattered lymphocytes, and plasma cells, macrophages, and vessels

A

INTRALOBULAR STROMA

47
Q

may appear myxoid; hormonally responsive

A

INTRALOBULAR STROMA

48
Q

no elastic fibers

A

INTRALOBULAR STROMA

49
Q

bands of tough, fibrous, flexible connective tissue that shape and support the breasts

A

COOPER’S LIGAMENT

50
Q

lined by an inner layer of cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells and
the outer layer of myoepithelial cells

A

TERMINAL DUCTAL LOBULAR UNIT

51
Q

attaches the lobule to the ductal system

A

EXTRALOBULAR TERMINAL DUCT

52
Q

continues the duct system into the lobule

A

INTRALOBULAR TERMINAL DUCT

53
Q

milk producing cells

A

LUMINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS

54
Q

form the glandular unit of the breast

A

LUMINAL AND MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS

55
Q

form the structural component of the surrounding breast tissue

A

FIBROBLASTS

56
Q

produce proteins important for maintaining breast structure

A

FIBROBLASTS

57
Q
  • imaging of microcalcifications requires
A

SMALL FOCAL SPOT

58
Q

FOCAL SPOT SIZE FOR ___

A

SPATIAL RESOLUTION

59
Q

LARGE FS

A

0.3 mm

60
Q

SMALL FS

A

0.1 mm

61
Q

positioned at the chest wall

A

CATHODE SIDE

62
Q

INHERENT FILTRATION

A

0.1 mm

63
Q

W target: ___ filter

A

MOLYBDENUM OR RHODIUM

64
Q

purpose of each filter is to reduce the higher-energy bremsstrahlung
x-rays

A

Mo or Rh FILTER

65
Q

W TARGET = Mo, Rh filter

A

50 um

66
Q

for thick and dense breast

A

W TARGET = Mo, Rh filter

67
Q

Mo target = Mo filter

A

30 um

68
Q

most common target and filter combi

A

Mo target = Mo filter

69
Q

Mo target = Rh filter

A

30 um

70
Q

Rh target = Rh filter

A

25 um

71
Q

IMMOBILIZATION OF BREAST

A

REDUCED MOTION BLUR

72
Q

UNIFORM THICKNESS

A

UNIFORM X-RAY EXPOSURE OF THE IR

73
Q

REDUCED SCATTER RADIATION

A

IMPROVED CONTRAST RESOLUTION

74
Q

SHORTER OID

A

IMPROVED SR

75
Q

THINNER TISSUE

A

REDUCED PX DOSED

76
Q

flat Lexan paddle attached to a pneumatic or mechanical assembly

A

COMPRESSION PADDLE

77
Q

EFFECT OF BREAST COMPRESSION

A
  1. DECREASED TISSUE THICKNESS

2. BREAST STRUCTURES CLOSER TO FILM

78
Q
  • positions after the IR to minimize the OID & improve spatial resolution
A

AEC

79
Q

SKIN DOSE

A

800 - 900 mrad

80
Q

MGD of the breast

A

130 - 150 mrad

mammography (2 decks)

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