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Medical Terminology Exam 1 > Intro Words > Flashcards

Intro Words Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Word Root

A
  • The basic foundation of a medical term
  • Part to which components are added
    (ex: Cardi; cardiology, cardiologist, cardiac
    Derm; dermatology, dermatitis, hypodermic)
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2
Q

Combining form

A
  • Created when a root is combined with a vowel; usually ‘o’ sometimes ‘i’
  • Joins word parts
  • Allows for flow, and eases pronunciation (ex: cardiomegaly, cardiopathy)
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3
Q

Word Structure

A
  • Prefix placed at beginning of word
  • Suffix placed at end of word
  • To read medical terminology, start with the suffix and read backwards to define
    • Cardio megaly - enlargement of the heart
  • If a prefix is also present, start at the suffix, then prefix, then word root
    • Intracardiac - pertaining to within the heart
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4
Q

Structural Organization
Tissues

A

Cells that are grouped together to perform a specialized function

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5
Q

Structural Organization
Organs

A

Tissues that are arranged together to perform a specialized function

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6
Q

Structural Organization
Systems

A

Organs that work together to perform many functions of the body as a whole system

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7
Q

Body Planes
Frontal/Coronal

A

Divides anterior from posterior

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8
Q

Body Planes
Transverse

A

Divides superior form inferior

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9
Q

Body Planes
Sagittal

A

Divides left from right
- Mid-sagittal-right and left halves are equal

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10
Q

Abdominal Quadrants

A
  • Right Upper Quadrant
  • Left Upper Quadrant
  • Right Lower Quadrant
  • Left Lower Quadrant
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11
Q

Ventral Body Cavities

A

Ventral: toward the front

  • Thoracic - lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea
  • Abdominal - separated from thoracic by diaphragm; liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, kidneys
  • Pelvic - urinary bladder, reproductive organs
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12
Q

Dorsal Body Cavities

A

Dorsal: toward the back

  • Cranial - brain
  • Spinal - nerves of spinal cord
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13
Q

Anatomical Position

A

An upright standing position with arms at the side, palms facing forward, and both feet together

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14
Q

Directional Suffixes
Ab-

A

Away from

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15
Q

Directional Suffixes
Ad-

A

Toward

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16
Q

Directional Suffixes
Anti-

A

Against

17
Q

Directional Suffixes
Endo-

A

Inward, within

18
Q

Directional Suffixes
Ecto-

A

Outside

19
Q

Number Prefixes

A
  • Uni- one
  • Di- two
  • Tri- three
  • Quadri- four
  • Mono- one
  • Multi- many
  • Micro- small
  • Macro- large

-Semi- half

20
Q

Colors: Word Roots

A
  • chrom/o: color
  • cirrh/o: orange/yellow
  • jaund/o: yellow
  • xanth/o: yellow
  • cyan/o: blue
  • erythr/o: red
  • leuk/o: white
  • melan/o: black
21
Q

Flexion/Extension

A

Flexion: Decreasing the angle between two bones. Bending a limb.
Extension: Increasing the angle between two bones. Straightening out a limb.

22
Q

Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion

A

Dorsiflexion: Decreasing the angle of the ankle joints so that the foot bends backwards
Plantar Flexion: Motion that extends the foot downward toward the ground

23
Q

Abduction/Adduction

A

Abduction: Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction: Movement towards the midline of the body

24
Q

Supination/Pronation

A

Supination: The act of turning the palm up
Pronation: The act of turning the palm down

25
Q

Rotation

A

Circular movement around an axis

26
Q

Superior

A

Vertically closer to the top of the head in the anatomical position

27
Q

Inferior

A

Vertically closer to the bottom of the feet in the anatomical position

28
Q

Anterior

A

Towards the front of the body
- Used interchangeably with ventral

29
Q

Posterior

A

Towards the back of the body
- Used interchangeably with dorsal

30
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline of the body

31
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

32
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the limbs point of attachment

33
Q

Distal

A

Further away from the limbs point of attachment

34
Q

Superficial

A

A location towards the surface of a body structure or organ

35
Q

Deep

A

A location that is towards the center of a body structure or organ

Medical Terminology Exam 1 (4 decks)

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