Intro Words Flashcards
Word Root
- The basic foundation of a medical term
- Part to which components are added
(ex: Cardi; cardiology, cardiologist, cardiac
Derm; dermatology, dermatitis, hypodermic)
Combining form
- Created when a root is combined with a vowel; usually ‘o’ sometimes ‘i’
- Joins word parts
- Allows for flow, and eases pronunciation (ex: cardiomegaly, cardiopathy)
Word Structure
- Prefix placed at beginning of word
- Suffix placed at end of word
- To read medical terminology, start with the suffix and read backwards to define
- Cardio megaly - enlargement of the heart
- If a prefix is also present, start at the suffix, then prefix, then word root
- Intracardiac - pertaining to within the heart
Structural Organization
Tissues
Cells that are grouped together to perform a specialized function
Structural Organization
Organs
Tissues that are arranged together to perform a specialized function
Structural Organization
Systems
Organs that work together to perform many functions of the body as a whole system
Body Planes
Frontal/Coronal
Divides anterior from posterior
Body Planes
Transverse
Divides superior form inferior
Body Planes
Sagittal
Divides left from right
- Mid-sagittal-right and left halves are equal
Abdominal Quadrants
- Right Upper Quadrant
- Left Upper Quadrant
- Right Lower Quadrant
- Left Lower Quadrant
Ventral Body Cavities
Ventral: toward the front
- Thoracic - lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea
- Abdominal - separated from thoracic by diaphragm; liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, kidneys
- Pelvic - urinary bladder, reproductive organs
Dorsal Body Cavities
Dorsal: toward the back
- Cranial - brain
- Spinal - nerves of spinal cord
Anatomical Position
An upright standing position with arms at the side, palms facing forward, and both feet together
Directional Suffixes
Ab-
Away from
Directional Suffixes
Ad-
Toward
Directional Suffixes
Anti-
Against
Directional Suffixes
Endo-
Inward, within
Directional Suffixes
Ecto-
Outside
Number Prefixes
- Uni- one
- Di- two
- Tri- three
- Quadri- four
- Mono- one
- Multi- many
- Micro- small
- Macro- large
-Semi- half
Colors: Word Roots
- chrom/o: color
- cirrh/o: orange/yellow
- jaund/o: yellow
- xanth/o: yellow
- cyan/o: blue
- erythr/o: red
- leuk/o: white
- melan/o: black
Flexion/Extension
Flexion: Decreasing the angle between two bones. Bending a limb.
Extension: Increasing the angle between two bones. Straightening out a limb.
Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion
Dorsiflexion: Decreasing the angle of the ankle joints so that the foot bends backwards
Plantar Flexion: Motion that extends the foot downward toward the ground
Abduction/Adduction
Abduction: Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction: Movement towards the midline of the body
Supination/Pronation
Supination: The act of turning the palm up
Pronation: The act of turning the palm down
