Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

705 > Intro & Upper Cervical > Flashcards

Intro & Upper Cervical Flashcards

1
Q

At the birth the spine is ______?

A

completely convex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the primary curves?

A

Thoracic and sacral kyphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the secondary curves?

A

Cervical and lumbar lordosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the ideal posture?

A

Plum line (from: ear, cervical vertebra bodies, shoulder, lumbar vertebral bodies, posterior to hip axis, anterior to knee axis, anterior to lateral malleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function/ importance of the articular disc?

A

Shock absorption & prevents bone on bone rubbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Early phase of mouth opening includes

A

35-50% of ROM
condyle rolls posterior
body of mandible moves post & inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

During early phase there is roll _____ and rotation ______.

A

roll posteriorly

rotate posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Late phase opening of the mouth includes

A 
(gliding joint)
final 50% ROM
move from rotation to translation
condyle & disc move together
maximal anterior stretch of the disc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

During late phase there is ______ slide and _______ translation

A

anterior slide

anterior translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which vertebrae are the smallest and most mobile?

A

cervical vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the transverse foramina located?

A

In the transverse process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the cervical vertebrae are irregular?

A

C1, C2, & C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The primary function of the atlas is _____?

A

stability of head and allow for 5-15 degrees flexion/extension in the frontal plane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The axis has: _______, ________, _______ and _________

A

body, pedicle, lamina and spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two large masses of the atlas joined by?

A

Joined by the anterior & posterior arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The superior articular facet of the atlas is concave or convex? What does it articulate with?

A

concave

articulates with convex occiput

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The inferior articular facet of the atlas is: slightly_______, faces________ and is sloped ____________.

A

flat/ slightly concave, faces inferiorly and is sloped downward ~20*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The inferior auricular facet of the atlas articulates with what?

A

Articulates with the superior facet C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which cervical vertebrae has the largest TP?

A

atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the key attachment point for several small muscles to control fine movements?

A

TP of the atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The superior articular facet of the axis is?

A

slightly convex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What plane is the superior articular facet of the axis located in?

A

Oriented 20* from horizontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the arthrokinematic rule of the AO joint?

A

convex on concave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the primary movement of the AO joint?

A

flexion/extension (nodding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
True/False: The atlas always moves with the head.
True
26
What is the range of motion of the AO joint?
``` Flexion: 5* +/- Extension: 10* +/- (total 15* +/-) Axial rotation: negligible - 5* Lateral flexion: 5* +/- ```
27
For the AA joint the inferior atlantal facet is slightly ________ and the superior axial facet is slightly ______.
concave | convex
28
The primary motion of the AA joint is
rotation
29
Which plane is the AA oriented most closely to?
Horizontal plane
30
What makes up the median joint of the AA joint?
anterior arch of the atlas and the dens of the axis
31
What function does the dens provide?
The dens is the vertical axis for rotation
32
What is the range of motion at the AA joint?
``` Flexion: 5* +/- Extension: 10* +/- (total ROM: 15 +/-) Axial rotation: 35* - 40* Lateral flexion: Negligible - 5* ```
33
During cervical flexion, at the AO joint you get what 3 arthokinematic movements?
1) convex on concave 2) occipital condyles roll forward 3) simultaneous slide in opposite direction
34
During cervical flexion, at the AA joint you get what 2 arthokinematic movements?
1) flat to slightly concave | 2) atlas tilts forward
35
During cervical extension, at the AO joint you get what 2 arthokinematic movements?
1) roll back | 2) slide forward
36
During cervical extension, at the AA joint you get what arthokinematic movement?
atlas tilts backwards
37
During cervical rotation, at the AO joint you get what arthokinematic movement?
``` restricted motion ( the lateral facets don't allow a lot of motion) ```
38
During cervical rotation, at the AA joint you get what arthokinematic movement?
rotation | ideal for rotation
39
During cervical lateral rotation, at the AO joint you get what 3 arthokinematic movements?
1) small amount of rolling 2) convex on concave 3) slide in opposite direction of roll
40
During cervical lateral rotation, at the AA joint you get what 2 arthokinematic movements?
1) spinal coupling | 2) frontal and horizontal planes
41
What is spinal coupling
one motion around one plane is associated with another motion around a different plane
42
In what region is spinal coupling accepted (not extremely controversial)?
craniocervical region
43
Spinal coupling occurs between _______ and ________.
lateral flexion and rotation
44
Does spinal coupling differ from upper C/spine versus mid C/spine?
Yes
45
At the AO joint spinal coupling involves:
lateral flexion is coupled with contralateral rotation.
46
At the AA joint spinal coupling involves:
rotation is coupled with contralateral lateral flexion
47
What is the origin of the longus capitis?
anterior tubercles of transvers processes of C3-C6
48
What is the insertion of the longus capitis?
inferior surfaces of occiput
49
What is the action of the longus capitis?
unilaterally: flex/ext and lat rot. ipsilaterally bilaterally: nodding
50
What is the innervation of the longus capitis?
ventral rami C1-C4
51
What is the origin of the longus colli?
superior oblique portion: anterior tubercles of transverse process of C3-C5 Inferior oblique portion: anterior surface of bodies of C1-C3 Vertical portion: anterior surface of C5-T3
52
What is the insertion of the longus colli?
tubercle on C1, anterior tubercles of transverse processess of C5-C6, anterior surface of C2-C4
53
What is the action of the longus colli?
nodding and support of cervical lordorsis
54
What is the innervation of the longus colli?
ventral rami C1-8
55
What does the longus capitis and longus colli form?
"dynamic" anterior longitudinal ligament
56
What does the longus capitis and longus colli provide?
vertical stability
57
What is the purpose of the suboccipital muscles?
Fine control over the AO and AA joints | - position eyes, ears and nose
58
Why are the suboccipital muscles difficult to palpate?
They lie deep to the upper trapezius, splenius group and semispinalis capitis muscles.
59
The alar ligament is described as ____?
fibrous
60
The attachments of the alar ligament include:
lateral side of the apex of the dens | medial side of the occipital condyle
61
What is the function of the alar ligament?
limits contralateral head rotation and contralateral lateral flexion
62
Describe the location and function of the transverse ligament:
Atlas to axis | holds DENS in place on posterior side of the Dens
63
What does the cruciform ligament contain?
transverse ligament and superior and inferior bands of the transverse ligament
64
What results from anterior sub-laxation of the spinal cord?
impingement | typically of transverse ligament
65
The tectorial membrane is a continuation of what?
posterior longitudinal ligament
66
Where does the tectorial membrane ascend to?
C2 body ascends to the occipital bone
67
What is the function of the tectorial membrane?
Limits flexion of upper cervical spine and provides multidirectional stability
68
When is the tectorial membrane injured?
during forced flexion injuries
69
What two ligaments does the tectorial membrane cover?
the cruciate and alar ligaments
70
What happens when injury occurs from a MVA?
Whiplash occurs with hyperextension exceeding cervical flexion resulting in the anterior structures of the cervical region more prone to injury.
71
Whiplash injury occurs when?
acceleration- deceleration mechanism to the neck
72
Are the symptoms after a whiplash injury localized to the head and neck?
No and prognosis varies Use outcome tools to measure

705 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions