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Comp Gov. > Intro Unit Vocab > Flashcards

Intro Unit Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Civil rights

A

protections granted by the government to prevent discrimination against groups
ex. ethnic groups, religious groups, minorities, women

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2
Q

Civil liberties

A

protect individuals from government infringement
ex. freedom of speech

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3
Q

Regime

A

fundamental rules and norms of politics
- embodies long term goals that guide the state regarding individual freedom and collective equality, where power should reside and how power should be used

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4
Q

Hybrid regime

A

a government with both authoritarian and democratic elements

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5
Q

Democratic regime

A

the public gets a large role in governance as well as certain individual rights and liberties

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6
Q

Nondemocratic regime

A

limits public participation and favors those in power

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7
Q

Totalitarian

A

Government has control over EVERYTHING
ex. Nazi, Germany

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8
Q

Authoritarian

A

Government control over politics and economics
Elections are not free/fair
Civil liberties and rights are lacking
Ex. China

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9
Q

Military

A

Government is under the control of the military

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10
Q

Theocracy

A

Government controlled by religious leaders
ex. Iran

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11
Q

illiberal democracy

A

Government with elections that are not completely fair/free and or lacking some civil rights/liberties

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12
Q

Liberal democracy

A

Governments with free/fair elections and civil rights/liberties
ex. US, UK

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13
Q

Unitary system

A

all power is held by the central government and state power is not protected

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14
Q

Federal system

A

power is shared between the nation and state systems and some state power is protected

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15
Q

Devolution

A

the national power grants more power to the states

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16
Q

Legitimacy

A

the people’s belief that the government has the right to rule

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17
Q

Rational/legal legitimacy

A

based on a fair, understandable system of laws that are followed and apply to everyone

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18
Q

Traditional legitimacy

A

the way that things have always been
-established on example rather than legal documents

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19
Q

Charismatic legitimacy

A

based on a ruler’s engaging personality
-ruler is able to convince the people that they have the right to rule
Ex. Hitler

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20
Q

Authority

A

the government’s legitimate right to rule
- sources include constitutions, religion, military forces, elections

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21
Q

Democratization

A

the transition from an authoritarian state to an illiberal democracy or a liberal democracy

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22
Q

Democratic consolidation

A

when the democratic regime matures and is unlikely to go back to an authoritarian regime without an external shock

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23
Q

Transparency

A

the ability of citizens to see what the government is doing
- the more transparent, the more liberal democratic

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24
Q

Revolution

A

an overthrow of the government based on broad popular support

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25
Q

Coup

A

a change in the leader brought about by a small group
- often a military leader

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26
Q

Corruption

A

the abuse of entrusted power for private gain

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27
Q

GDP

A

the total value of goods and services produced in a country

28
Q

GDP per capita

A

GDP divided by the populations
- does not account for the value of currency across different countries

29
Q

PPP (purchasing power parity)

A

Currency conversion to be able to compare GDPs

30
Q

GDP growth rate

A

measure how fast the economy is growing by comparing one quarter with the previous quarter

31
Q

Gini index

A

measures income inequality
0 = perfect equality
100 = perfect inequality
Right now our world is between a 25-65

32
Q

HDI (Human development index)

A

measures things like life expectancy, death rates, education, quality of life
Runs from 0-1
Closer to 1 = higher human development (better)

33
Q

Fragile states index

A

measures a country’s ability to manage internal and external pressures on sovereignty
Goes from 0-200
Most stable states are closer to 0
States with the most fluctuation are closer to 200
- instability is what creates pressure on sovereignty

34
Q

Freedom house

A

measures political rights and civil liberties available in each country
0-100
0 = bad
100 = good

35
Q

Transparency Int’l

A

corruption perceptions index
0-100
Higher = less corrupt

36
Q

Political economy

A

relationship between government policies and the economy

37
Q

Parastatal

A

company owned by the government to help things run smoothly
Ex. US postal service, amtrak, etc.

38
Q

Economic liberalization

A

the move to a free market by reducing tariff, trade barriers and government control over the economy

39
Q

Welfare state

A

the government provides citizens with support
Ex. unemployment benefits, health care, etc.
Only possible if the system is stable

40
Q

Rentier states

A

derive a significant portion of their revenue from rent
Ex. renting land to oil companies
The government must respond to the companies
When the oil market drops, these countries become less stable
-No tax payers paying taxes
-Unresponsive to the people who live there
-No incentive to care for the people

41
Q

Structural adjustment programs

A

require countries to increase taxes and cut spending to improve budgets

42
Q

Post-Materialism

A

societies in which basic needs are met and citizens can concentrate on higher goals like the environment

43
Q

Bicameral legislature

A

has two houses
ex. US

44
Q

Unicameral legislature

A

has one house
ex. Iran, China

45
Q

FPTP (first past the post) plurality

A

awards one seat to the candidate with the most votes in a district

46
Q

Proportional representation

A

awards sets to political parties based in the percentage of votes received
-Awards the parties with seats and then the pirates choose who sits in those seats
-Allows for more minority candidates

47
Q

Referendum

A

a measure sent by the legislature to the citizens for approval

48
Q

Common law system

A

court decisions are written down and serve as precedents for future cases

49
Q

Code law system

A

systems are based on rules written by the legislature
- Decisions made on a case-by-case basis

50
Q

Judicial review

A

the ability of the supreme court to overturn a law or executive action if it’s unconstitutional

51
Q

Nationalism

A

the belief that a group of people has it’s own unique destiny, often including a desire for a separate state

52
Q

Political efficacy

A

the citizens’ faith and trust in the government and their belief that the can understand and influence political affairs

53
Q

Political ideology

A

an individual’s belief system about the role of government

54
Q

Political socialization

A

the process through which an individual acquires their political beliefs or behaviors

55
Q

Political culture

A

the shared beliefs of a group of people

56
Q

Facism

A

extreme nationalism that favors authoritarian rule and the rights of the ethnic majority over that of ethnic minorities and the political opposition

57
Q

Communism

A

belief in the abolition of private property with government control over the economy

58
Q

Socialism

A

the belief in the reduction of income disparities and the nationalization of major private industries

59
Q

Neoliberalism

A

belief in limited government intervention in the economy and society

60
Q

Individualism

A

belief in individual civil liberties and freedom over government restrictions

61
Q

Populism

A

supports the interests and rights of the common people over the elite

62
Q

Pluralism

A

many groups compete in policy making

63
Q

Corporatism

A

large businesses and labor unions are brought in policy making processes

64
Q

Civil society

A

voluntary associations outside of government control which strengthen society
Ex. Red Cross, Goodwill, etc.

65
Q

Political cleavage

A

division over a policy issue

66
Q

Cross-cutting cleavage

A

bringing different kinds of groups together, strengthening society

Comp Gov. (1 decks)

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