Intro. to Zoonoses

Question 1

What is the most reported zoonotic disease in the US?

Answer 1

Salmonella

Question 2

List the zoonotic diseases that are reportable to the USDA. (6)

Answer 2

1. Yersinia pestis
2. Rabies
3. B. anthracis
4. M. bovis
5. Brucella abortus
6. VEE

Question 3

Across the globe, which zoonotic disease causes the most deaths?

Answer 3

Rabies - 55,000 deaths/yr

Question 4

Across the globe, which zoonotic disease has the most new cases every year?

Answer 4

Leishmaniasis - 2 million new cases/yr

Question 5

Who can get zoonotic disease? Who is at high risk?

Answer 5

Anyone get get zoonotic disease. Immunocompromised individuals are at higher risk.

Question 6

Animal surveillance aims to maintain/improve: (2)

Answer 6

1. animal health and welfare

2. economic viability of animal-based products

Question 7

An OIE Member is required to…

Answer 7

report the occurrence of listed/emerging diseases. Member countries are obligated to assess disease risks associated with trade in their animals and products.

Question 8

List the components of surveillance. (3)

Answer 8

1. detection
2. response
3. Information Production and Communication

Question 9

Passive Surveillance is the most common type. What are disease examples under Passive Surveillance?

Answer 9

BSE, Scrapie, CWD, Rabies, Foodborne illness

Question 10

Active Surveillance is the committed efforts of vets/health authorities to ID subjects for data sampling. What are disease examples under Active Surveillance?

Question 11

Sentinel Surveillance represents a small group that is monitored as an indicator of the risks in a larger population. What are disease examples under Sentinel Surveillance?

Answer 11

West Nile risk assessment in humans and Chickens are sentinels for EEE/WEE.

Question 12

Targeted surveillance selects a specific segment of a population most likely to have the disease to sample. What are disease examples under Targeted surveillance?

Answer 12

Downer cattle are tested for BSE.

Question 13

List the Enzootic bacteria that are Category A Agents (3)

Answer 13

Cat. A = having multiple routes of infection, including aerosol

1. Bacillus anthracis
2. Yersinia Pestis
3. Francisella tularensis

Question 14

Who is the long term reservoir for F. tularensis?

Answer 14

Wildlife (rodents/lagomorphs) - hence the reason it’s called “Rabbit Fever”

Question 15

How is F. tularensis transmitted in Sheep, Cats and Ppl?

Answer 15

Sheep: ticks
Cats: eating rats
Ppl: direct contact w/ fleas from cats; aerosol

Question 16

Why are vets at high risk of exposure to Yersinia pestis?

Answer 16

Lymph Node aspirates are highly infectious! Vets should pay special attention to PPE in suspected cases.

Question 17

Who is at greatest risk of exposure to Bacillus anthracis?

Answer 17

Vets (especially in Western & Central US) due to aerosol or percutaneous exposure to the blood of infected animals.

Question 18

What are the post mortem signs of Bacillus anthraces in animals?

Answer 18

unclothed blood
no rigor mortis
rapid bloat
bleeding from orifices

Question 19

Which forms of influenza virus are considered zoonotic?

Answer 19

Animal –> Human transmission is only documented for birds and swine.