Intro. to Zoonoses Flashcards
What is the most reported zoonotic disease in the US?
Salmonella
List the zoonotic diseases that are reportable to the USDA. (6)
- Yersinia pestis
- Rabies
- B. anthracis
- M. bovis
- Brucella abortus
- VEE
Across the globe, which zoonotic disease causes the most deaths?
Rabies - 55,000 deaths/yr
Across the globe, which zoonotic disease has the most new cases every year?
Leishmaniasis - 2 million new cases/yr
Who can get zoonotic disease? Who is at high risk?
Anyone get get zoonotic disease. Immunocompromised individuals are at higher risk.
Animal surveillance aims to maintain/improve: (2)
- animal health and welfare
2. economic viability of animal-based products
An OIE Member is required to…
report the occurrence of listed/emerging diseases. Member countries are obligated to assess disease risks associated with trade in their animals and products.
List the components of surveillance. (3)
- detection
- response
- Information Production and Communication
Passive Surveillance is the most common type. What are disease examples under Passive Surveillance?
BSE, Scrapie, CWD, Rabies, Foodborne illness
Active Surveillance is the committed efforts of vets/health authorities to ID subjects for data sampling. What are disease examples under Active Surveillance?
Sentinel Surveillance represents a small group that is monitored as an indicator of the risks in a larger population. What are disease examples under Sentinel Surveillance?
West Nile risk assessment in humans and Chickens are sentinels for EEE/WEE.
Targeted surveillance selects a specific segment of a population most likely to have the disease to sample. What are disease examples under Targeted surveillance?
Downer cattle are tested for BSE.
List the Enzootic bacteria that are Category A Agents (3)
Cat. A = having multiple routes of infection, including aerosol
- Bacillus anthracis
- Yersinia Pestis
- Francisella tularensis
Who is the long term reservoir for F. tularensis?
Wildlife (rodents/lagomorphs) - hence the reason it’s called “Rabbit Fever”
How is F. tularensis transmitted in Sheep, Cats and Ppl?
Sheep: ticks
Cats: eating rats
Ppl: direct contact w/ fleas from cats; aerosol
Why are vets at high risk of exposure to Yersinia pestis?
Lymph Node aspirates are highly infectious! Vets should pay special attention to PPE in suspected cases.
Who is at greatest risk of exposure to Bacillus anthracis?
Vets (especially in Western & Central US) due to aerosol or percutaneous exposure to the blood of infected animals.
What are the post mortem signs of Bacillus anthraces in animals?
unclothed blood
no rigor mortis
rapid bloat
bleeding from orifices
Which forms of influenza virus are considered zoonotic?
Animal –> Human transmission is only documented for birds and swine.
