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Intro to Web Programming Flashcards

1
Q

FTP

A

File Transfer Protocol is a way to transfer files over the internet.

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2
Q

WWW

A

Worldwide Web was developed by Tim Berners-Lee in the early 1990s.

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3
Q

Webpage

A

A document that is viewed in a web browser.

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4
Q

HTML

A

HyperText Markup Language is a standard markup language for web documents. Hypertext is text that has links to other text or media.

Document markup is special markings in the document that provide additional information about links, formatting, and images.

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5
Q

Website

A

Collection of related webpages.

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6
Q

Web Server

A

A program that serves webpages to browsers.

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7
Q

HTTP

A

HypterText Transfer Protocol - the protocol for transferring files among computer via the web.

Runs over TCP/IP and governs communications between web browsers and web servers.

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8
Q

Browser

A

A program for viewing webpages.

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9
Q

W3C

A

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the international standards organization that traditionally has controlled a number of web standards, including HTML. HTML5 was the latest HTML standard released by the W3C in 2014.

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10
Q

WHATWG

A

Web Hyptertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) is an organization that develops a variety of web standards and whose members include the major browser vendors.

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11
Q

HTML Living Standard

A

Produced by the WHATWG. A continually evolving standard without version numbers that replaces HTML5.

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12
Q

1945

A

The idea for generating links from within one document to other documents is described.

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13
Q

1965

A

The term HyperText invented.

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14
Q

1990

A

First web browser is created.

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15
Q

1994

A

The World Wide Consortium (W3C) created.

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16
Q

1995

A

HTML 2.0 standard published.

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17
Q

2014

A

HTML5 standard published.

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18
Q

2019

A

WHATWG controls the HTML standard.

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19
Q

Separation of Duties

A

Over time, a move to separate document structure (HTML), document presentation (CSS), and webpage interaction with the user (JavaScript).

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20
Q

Packet

A

Information sent on the Internet that contains To and From IP addresses, the information to communicate, and other configuration information.

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21
Q

IP Address

A

IP (Internet Protocol) that is a computer’s unique address on the Internet.

A typical IP address is 32 bits, divided into four 8-bit groups, each group often written as a decimal number.

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22
Q

IPv4

A

The original Internet Protocol with 32-bit addresses. Can represent about 4 billion unique addresses.

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23
Q

IPv6

A

A new version of Internet Protocol that uses 128-bit addresses.

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24
Q

DNS

A

Domain Name Server, used to convert domain names to IP addresses.

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25
Q

Root Servers

A

Thirteen main DNS servers that exist in the world.

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26
Q

Domain Name Registrar

A

Services that allow anyone to register an unused domain name.

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27
Q

Domain Name

A

Name for an IP address, such as the name wikipedia.org for IP address 198.35.26.96.

28
Q

TLD

A

Top-Level Domains.

Examples include .com, .net, .ord, .edu. and .gov.

29
Q

ccTLD

A

Country Code Top-Level Domain.

Examples include .uk (United Kingdom), .us (United States), and .ru (Russia).

30
Q

SLD

A

Second-Level Domain, such as ‘wikipedia’ in wikipedia.org.

31
Q

TLD

A

Third-Level Domain, such as ‘www’ in www.stanford.edu.

32
Q

URL

A

Uniform Resource Locator is the location of a web resource, such as http://www.google.com.

33
Q

Scheme

A

Characters at the beginning of a URL followed by a colon (:) or a colon and double slashes (://). Common schemes include http, https, mailto, and file.

34
Q

Hostname

A

The complete domain name following the scheme in a URL.

35
Q

Path

A

The characters to the right of the hostname in a URL.

36
Q

Query String

A

Optional characters to the right of the question mark (?) in a URL that provide data for the web server.

In https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uu7XCEMdSHg, the characters after the ? tells YouTube’s server to play a video having code uu7XCEMdSHg.

37
Q

Fragment

A

Optional characters at the end of a URL that with a hash character (#) and refer to a certain location within a webpage.

In https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL#History, the fragment “#History” refers to the webpage’s History section.

38
Q

404

A

The status code that a web server returns to a browser when a requested webpage is not found.

39
Q

Linkrot

A

When content is removed from the web and the URLs that used to point to the content now return a 404 (not found) status code.

40
Q

TCP/IP

A

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, a protocol suite that governs how data packets are transferred over the Internet from one machine to another.

41
Q

HTTP Request

A

A message sent from the web browser to the web server.

42
Q

HTTP Response

A

A message sent from the web server back to the web browser in response to an HTTP request.

43
Q

Content-Length

A

Number of bytes in the HTTP response’s message body.

44
Q

Content-Type

A

Media type of the HTTP response’s message body.

45
Q

Date

A

Datetime the HTTP response. was generated by the web server.

46
Q

Last-Modified

A

Datetime the requested resource was last modified on the web server.

47
Q

Server

A

Identifies the web server software that generated the HTTP response.

48
Q

Host

A

The domain name for the HTTP requested path.

49
Q

User-Agent

A

Identifies the browser making the HTTP request.

50
Q

IANA

A

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority - a standards organization that manages various internet numbers and symbols, like global IP address allocation, root zone management, and media types.

51
Q

URL Shortening

A

A technique to create shorter URLs that redirect to longer URLs.

52
Q

Browser Cache

A

An area on a computer’s disk where web content can be stored by the web browser for quick retrieval later.

53
Q

ETag

A

Entity Tag, an identifier for a specific version of a web resource.

54
Q

HTTPS

A

Encrypts HTTP traffic between a browser and web server so a network sniffer cannot intercept sensitive information in the HTTP traffic like passwords, credit card numbers, financial transactions, etc.

55
Q

TLS

A

Transport Layer Security - uses asymmetric public keys to encrypt data between the browser and web server.

56
Q

Mobile First

A

A web development approach that advocates first creating a reduced-feature version of a website for mobile users. Then, the developer creates a full-featured website for visitors using desktop computers.

57
Q

Affordance

A

Visual clues that guide the user in figuring out how to use an app.

58
Q

Responsive Web Design

A

A web design approach that creates webpages that automatically move and resize parts depending on the display size and orientation.

59
Q

IoT

A

Internet of Things - the global collection of communicating devices that sense and control technology on behalf of humans.

60
Q

Web Accessibility

A

The ability of users with disabilities to access and use a webpage with reasonable effort.

61
Q

Cognitive Computing

A

The use of AI techniques and access to vast amounts of data to simulate human problem solving in complex situations with ambiguity, changing data, and even conflicting information.

62
Q

Separation of Concerns

A

The design principle of breaking up web content using distinct languages and documents that overlap as little as possible.

63
Q

HTML Element

A

A single HTML structure that is represented with HTML tags.

64
Q

CSS Rule

A

Specifies styling properties for specific HTML elements.

65
Q

JavaScript

A

A programming language that runs in a browser, enabling webpages supporting actions like responding to a button click.

66
Q

Function

A

A named group of statements that can be run by referring to that name.

67
Q

Variable

A

Stores a value or a link to an element of a webpage.

Web Dev (2 decks)

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