Intro to VTE and Thromboembolic Disease Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Thrombosis

A

Formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.

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2
Q

Virchows triad.

A

Three major factors responsible for the development of venous thrombosis.

  1. Blood stasis (reduced blood flow)
  2. Vascular injury (collagen is exposed and can activate the coagulation cascade)
  3. Hypercoagulable state (imbalance between procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins in the blood)
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3
Q

VTE

A

Venous thromboembolism.

Disease resulting from excessive clot formation as a consequence of disturbed coagulation equilibrium.

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4
Q

VTE refers to ____ and ___

A

DVT and PE

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5
Q

Proximal DVT refers to thrombosis of the deep beings of the leg at the level of the ____ vein or above

A

Popliteal vein

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6
Q

Distal DVT refers to thrombosis of the deep veins blow the level of the knee. Sometimes blood clots can be superficial, called ___ ____ and aren’t as serious

A

Superficial thrombophlebitis.

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7
Q

Causes of “stasis”

A

Immobility, venous obstruction, increased venous pressure, increased viscosity

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8
Q

Hypercoagulable state can be due to deficiencies of natural anticoagulants such as:

A

Antithrombin protein C, protein S.

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9
Q

Hypercoagulable state can be due to upregulatin of production of coagulant proteins, or decreased sensitivity to action of natural anticoagulants, like ____

A

Factor 4 Leiden.

Hypercoagulbility can be due to genetic causes of acquired causes like APLA, malignancy, trauma, burns, drugs.

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10
Q

Name some week, Mild, moderate and strong ACQUIRED risks to VTE

A

Weak; smoking and diabetes

Mild: pregnancy, ocp, Hart, obesity, long haul travel, MI, heart failure

Moderate; APLA, non major surgery, malignancy

Strong: major surgery, poly trauma, central venous catheters

Someone with APLA requires life long anticoagulant therapy

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11
Q

Genetic risks to VTE

A

VTE= thrombosis issues like DVT and PE. Defieiciencies in things that cause clot breakdown would increase the likelihood of VTE

  • protein S deficiency
  • protein C deficiency
  • factor 5 Leiden.
  • antithrombin def
  • non-O blood gro9up
  • prothrombin mutaiton
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12
Q

Why does the presence of factor 5 Leiden predispose someone to VTE issues

A

Leiden makes factor 5 more resistant to protein C inactivation

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13
Q

When should you screen for thrombophilias

A
  1. Individuals with first VTE before 40-45
  2. VTE at any age with a strong family history of thrombotic disease
  3. VTE in an unusual site (hepatic, mesenteric, portal,cerebral vein)
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14
Q

When is the best time to test for thrombophilias

A

1 month after completion of anticoagulant therapy

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