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Liz's Serology/Virology Module 1 > Intro to Viruses > Flashcards

Intro to Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Size of a virus vs. a bacteria

A

Viruses are smaller than the smallest bacteria

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2
Q

Viruses (can or cannot) be seen w/ a light microscope

A

Cannot

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3
Q

What type of nucleic acids to viruses have?

A

Either DNA or RNA, but NOT BOTH

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4
Q

Protein coating of a virus is called a ____?

A

Capsid

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5
Q

A capsid is composed of identical protein subunits called ____

A

Capsomeres

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6
Q

Some viruses have a lipid/protein membranous outer coating called ____

A

Envelope

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7
Q

Glycoprotein spikes or projections that protrude from the envelope are called ____

A

Peplomers

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8
Q

Viruses w/o envelopes are called ____

A

“Naked”

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9
Q

2 configurations a capsid can have

A
  • Icosahdral (cubic)

- Helical

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10
Q

Nucleic acid + capsid = ?

A

Nucleocapsid

- Infectious form of “naked” viruses

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11
Q

Nucleic acid + capsid + envelope = ?

A

Virion

- Infectious form of enveloped viruses

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12
Q

Viral replication occurs only w/in a ____ ____

A

Living cell

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13
Q

How are viruses classified?

A
  • Nucleic acid type
  • Virus size, configuration, and composition
  • Serological cross-reactivity of group Ags
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14
Q

6 steps of viral replication

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Penetration
  3. Eclipse
  4. Replication
  5. Maturation
  6. Release
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15
Q

What happens in the attachment stage of viral replication?

A

Virus binds to receptors on cell surface

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16
Q

What happens in the penetration stage of viral replication?

A

Virus enters cell (by engulfment, though fusion of cell membrane and viral envelope, or by direct passage)

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17
Q

What happens in the eclipse stage of viral replication?

A

Nucleic acid is freed from capsid; intact virion is not detectable. The protein coding of the nucleic acid is often inserted into the cell membrane.

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18
Q

What happens in the replication stage of viral replication?

A

Host cell manufactures viral nucleic acids and capsid proteins (at spearate locations w/in infected cells)

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19
Q

What happens in the maturation stage of viral replication?

A

New nucleocapsid or virons are assembled

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20
Q

What happens in the release stage of viral replication?

A

New nucleocapsids or virions are released from the host cell (budding or cell lysis)

21
Q

What are the protein substances produced by virus-infected cells that act on infected and surrounding cells to interfere w/ viral replication

A

Interferons

22
Q

Do interferons act on cells or viruses?

A

On cells NOT VIRUSES!

23
Q

Interferons are most effective on host cells from same ____

A

Species

24
Q

Why are antibiotics not effective against viruses?

A

Viruses do not have target components

25
Q

Papilloma virus aka ____

A

Wart virus (known for genital warts)

26
Q

Is there a vaccine available for papilloma virus?

A

Yes

27
Q

Papilloma virus

- Rapid Ag tests available or not?

A

No

28
Q

Papilloma virus

- Does or doesn’t grow in cell culture?

A

No

29
Q

Papilloma virus

- What approach is used for lab diagnosis?

A

Molecular approach

- Use on materal from pap smear or other source

30
Q

Measles

- Clincal presentation

A
  • Rash on trunk and elsewhere
  • 7-10 days of fiver
  • Complications (i.e., encephalitis)
31
Q

Mumps

- Clinical presentation

A
  • Swollen parotid glands
  • 7-10 days of symptoms
  • Complications (i.e,. testicular involvement, CNS symptoms)
32
Q

Measles and mumps

- What happened when U.S. introduced vaccine (MMR)?

A

Virtually eradicated in the U.S. but recent resurgences

33
Q

Measles and mumps

- Rapid Ag detection available?

A

No

34
Q

Measles and mumps

- Does it grow in cell culture?

A

Yes

35
Q

Measles and mumps

- Ab detection useful?

A

Yes, for immune status determinations

36
Q

Rabies virus

- Infection is “____” → CNS symptoms resulting in inability to what?

A

“Hydrophobia”; swallow, breathe

37
Q

Rabies virus

- Chances of living w/ rabies

A

Little chance, routinely fatal

38
Q

Rabies virus

- How does this virus travel in the body?

A

Travels through nerves from bite site to brain

39
Q

Rabies virus

- Rapid Ag detection available?

A

No

40
Q

Rabies virus

- Does it grow in cell culture?

A

Not well

41
Q

Rabies virus

- How is it best diagnosed in humans?

A

Biopsy of nerve near bite site

42
Q

Rabies virus

- How is it diagnosed in animals?

A

Examine brain for Negri bodies

43
Q

Smallpox (Variola) virus

- How is it transmitted?

A

Person to person

44
Q

Smallpox (Variola) virus

- Symptoms

A
  • High fever

- Large vesicular lesions

45
Q

Smallpox (Variola) virus

- Fatal in 10-30% of cases due to ____

A

Toxemia

46
Q

Smallpox (Variola) virus

- Rapid Ag detection available?

A

No

47
Q

Smallpox (Variola) virus

- Does it grow in cell culture?

A

Yes; do not attempt to isolate in hospital lab!!!!

48
Q

Smallpox (Variola) virus

- What to do for smallpox diagnosis?

A

CALL CDC!!!

Liz's Serology/Virology Module 1 (5 decks)

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