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Intro to UTZ Flashcards

1
Q

Speed of sound

A

1540 m/s

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2
Q

Speed of sound

A

154,000 cm/s

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3
Q

Speed of sound

A

1.54 mm/us

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4
Q

High compressible medium

A

Low speed of sound

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5
Q

Less compressible mediumq

A

High speed of sound

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6
Q

Less dense medium

A

High speed of sound

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7
Q

More dense medium

A

Low speed of sound

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8
Q

Average speed: Soft tissue

A

1540 m/s

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9
Q

Ave. speed: fatty tissue

A

1450 m/s

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10
Q

ave. speed: air

A

300 m/s

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11
Q

Term that describes the sound waves of frequencies exceeding the range of human hearing and their propagation in a medium

A

Ultrasound

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12
Q

Purpose: UTZ

A

used to scan body tissues

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13
Q

Purpose: UTZ

A

Acquisition and display of the acoustic properties of tissues

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14
Q

UTZ: frequency range

A

20, 000 Hz (20kHz)

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15
Q

SONAR (Sound Navigation and ranging)

A

1918

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16
Q

Water bath immersion technique

A

Early 50’s

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17
Q

First contact compound B-scanner

A

Late 50’s

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18
Q

Grayscale imaging

A

1970

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19
Q

Real time imaging

A

Mid 70’s

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20
Q

Doppler technique

A

1980

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21
Q

number of times waves oscillates thru one cycle each seconds

A

Frequency (f)

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22
Q

Frequency expressed as ____

A

cycles / seconds

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23
Q

Frequency measured in ____

A

Hz (Hertz)

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24
Q

15-20, 000 Hz

A

Audible sound

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25
2-10 kHz
Medical UTZ
26
50 MHz
Specialized UTZ
27
less than 15 MHz
infrasound
28
The time taken for one complete cycle to occur
Period (T)
29
Period measured in ___
s or us
30
maximum displacement that occurs in an acoustic variable
Amplitude
31
Period and frequency = ?
Inversely proportional
32
Frequency and wavelength = ?
Inversely proportional
33
generates ultrasound waves
Piezoelectric crystals
34
converts electrical energy to mechanical energy
as transmitter of sound
35
converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
as receiver of sound
36
small crystal diameter = ?
increases beam divergence
37
Large crystal diameter = ?
decreases beam divergence
38
The display of the processed information from the receiver vs. time
A-mode (amplitude)
39
Echoes are shows as peaks and the distance b/n various structures
A-mode
40
Used to build 2D B-mode image
A-mode
41
The electronic conversion of A-mode
B-mode (Brightness)
42
Shows all the tissue traverse by the UTZ scan
B-mode
43
2D images w/c the echo amplitude is depicted as dots of different brightness
B-mode
44
Used for M-mode and 2D grayscale imaging
B-Mode
45
Displays the motion by showing images of the part of the body under the transducer as it is being scanned
Real time
46
Shows movement on the monitor as it occurs
Real-time
47
Multiple B-mode images are watched in rapid sequences
Real-time
48
A technique that uses B-mode information to display echoes from a moving organs
M-mode
49
Provide excellent temporal resolution of motion patterns
M-mode
50
Most commonly used for Cardiac UTZ
M-mode
51
demo and measures blood flow
Doupler UTZ
52
change in the apparent frequency of a wave as a result of relative motion b/n the observer and the source
Doppler effect
53
The difference b/n the transmitted and received frequencies is ___ to speed w/ which the reflector is moving away or approaching the transmitter
proportional
54
reflected echoes are the SAME as the transmitted waves
Stationary reflector
55
reflected echoes are HIGHER than transmitted echoes
moving reflector TOWARDS transmitter
56
reflected echoes are LOWER than transmitted echoes
Moving reflector AWAY from the transmitted echoes
57
UTZ waves propagates as ___
longitudinal waves
58
length of a single cycle of the UTZ wave
Wavelength
59
determines the resolution of the scanner
wavelength
60
Shorter wavelength = ?
High frequency
61
Shorter wavelength = ?
better resolution
62
Shorter wavelength = ?
clearer image
63
Shorter wavelength = ?
more details on the screen
64
Longer wavelength =?
Lower frequency
65
Longer wavelength =?
poor resolution
66
Longer wavelength =?
blurry image
67
Longer wavelength =?
few details on the screen
68
done by TGC amplifier
Amplification
69
Used to compensate for UTZ attenuation in any part of the body
Amplification
70
Used to improve quality of the final image
Amplification
71
Weak echoes
Deeper structures
72
Strong echoes
Superficial structures

UTZ (5 decks)

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