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Renal I > Intro to urogenital anatomy > Flashcards

Intro to urogenital anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What vertebral levels are the kidneys located?

A

T12-L3, with the right being slight lower than the left.

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2
Q

what nerves are posterior to the kidneys?

A

The subcostal, iliohypogastric, and the ilioinguinal nerves.

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3
Q

What muscles are posterior to the kidneys?

A

The diaphragm, psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis.

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4
Q

What is nephrotosis?

A

A dropped kidney, caused by a loss of the fat surrounding the kidney due to starvation.

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5
Q

At what vertebral level are the renal arteries?

A

L1/L2.

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6
Q

What is significant about the right renal artery?

A

It is longer than the left and passes posterior to the IVC.

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7
Q

What is significant about the left renal vein?

A

It is longer than the right and receives the left gonadal, left inferior phrenic, and left suprarenal veins.

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8
Q

What is renal vein entrapment i.e “nutcracker” syndrome?

A

The left renal vein passes between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. As such it can become compressed between the two.

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9
Q

What is the spacial relationship of the renal vein, artery, and renal pelvis?

A

The renal vein is anterior to the renal artery, which is anterior to the renal pelvis.

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10
Q

What thoracic levels do the sympathetic fibers to the kidney originate at?

A

T10-L1

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11
Q

What nerves do the pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers to the kidneys travel with?

A

The lesser, least, and lumbar splanchnic nerves.

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12
Q

What afferent fibers do the renal sympathetic nerves carry?

A

Acute pain to T10-L1 (referred pain from the kidneys)

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13
Q

What nerve does the pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the kidneys travel with?

A

The vagus nerve.

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14
Q

What do the renal efferent parasympathetics convey?

A

Causes contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of the calyces and ureter.

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15
Q

What do the renal efferent sympathetics convey?

A

Vasomotor signals (constrict blood vessels, ect).

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16
Q

What is the abdominal site of ureter constriction?

A

At the renal pelvis/ureteric junction (ureteropelvic junction)

17
Q

What is the pelvic site of ureter constriction?

A

At the passage over the pelvic brim (anterior to the external iliac vessels)

18
Q

What is the intramural site of ureter constriction?

A

At the entry into the urinary bladder.

19
Q

What is the arterial supply of the upper ureter?

A

The renal artery/vein.

20
Q

What is the arterial supply of the middle ureter?

A

The gonadal and common iliac arteries and veins, as well as the aorta.

21
Q

What is the arterial supply of the lower ureter?

A

The internal iliac artery/vein.

22
Q

What nerve plexuses are ANS fibers to the ureters distributed?

A

The renal plexus (abdominal portion of ureters) and the inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic portion of ureters)

23
Q

Where so the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the ureters originate, and what nerves do they travel with?

A

IML horns of T10-L1. They travel with the lesser, least, and lumbar splanchnic nerves.

24
Q

What nerves do the pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ureters travel with?

A

The vagus (upper ureters) and pelvic splanchnic (lower ureters) nerves.

25
Q

What is a cystocele?

A

A prolapsed bladder that can occur on females due to vaginal delivery.

26
Q

What is the innervation of the trigone of the bladder?

A

The trogone is sympathetically innervated and acts as a sphincter mechanism of the ureter. (as opposed to the detruser muscle which is parasympathetic)

27
Q

What are the portions of the male urethra?

A

The intramural, the prostatic, the membranous, and the spongy (penile) portions.

28
Q

Where does the intramural urethra extend?

A

Through the neck of the bladder.

29
Q

Where does the prostatic urethra extend?

A

Through the prostate. Receives ejaculatory duct and prostatic ducts and constitutes a merging of the reproductive and urinary systems).

30
Q

What portions of the urethra does the sphincter urethrae muscle invest?

A

The prostatic and membranous portions.

31
Q

What is the innervation of the skeletal component of the sphincter urethrae muscle?

A

The pudendal nerve (S2,3,4).

32
Q

What is the innervation of the smooth muscle component of the sphincter urethrae muscle?

A

It is innervated sympathetically.

33
Q

What are the portions of the female urethra?

A

The superior (pelvic) and inferior (perineal) portions.

34
Q

Where is the pararenal fat located?

A

The pararenal fat is located on the outside of the renal fascia.

35
Q

Where is the perirenal fat located?

A

The perirenal fat is located between the kidney and the renal fascia.

Renal I (6 decks)

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