Intro to Theories

Question 1

components of a theory

Answer 1

• logical, organized consistency framework
• scientific methods
• principles/statements
• explains what will happen and why

Question 2

inductive reasoning

Answer 2

• bottom up approach
• qualitative research
• used to develop a theory
• AD HOC - explains what happened

Question 3

inductive reasoning steps

Answer 3

• observation
• pattern
• hypothesis
• theory

Question 4

deductive reasoning

Answer 4

• top down approach
• quantitative research
• based on an existing theory
• A PRIORI - explains what will happen

Question 5

deductive reasoning steps

Answer 5

• theory
• hypothesis
• observation
• confirmation

Question 6

fact

Answer 6

• observations about phenomenon in the world

- explains the why

Question 7

law

Answer 7

• description based on repeated observations
• does not explain what is happening or why
• uses math equations

Question 8

gravity

Answer 8

• both a law and a theory
• there of general relativity
• law of gravity

Question 9

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs principle

Answer 9

• human beings are motivated by a hierarchy of needs

- basic needs must be met before higher needs

Question 10

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs pyramid

Answer 10

• physiological: bio
• safety: order & control
• love/belonging: relationships, connections, trust
• esteem: independence, mastery, reputation
• self-actualization: desire to achieve potential

Question 11

hypothesis

Answer 11

• statements of fact that can be accurate or inaccurate
• not guesses
• can be generated independently by theories

Question 12

nursing theories

Answer 12

• creative products of nurses
• describe nursing phenomenon in ways that can be studies, evaluated, and used by other nurses
• explain patterns and relationships in nursing
• stimulate formal debate, exploration, and research

Question 13

theory categories based on level of abstraction

Answer 13

• philosophy
• grand theory
• middle range theory
• situation/practice specific theory

Question 14

nursing philosophy w examples

Answer 14

• general definition- worldview of nursing with values and beliefs
• Nightingale, Henderson

Question 15

grand theories w example

Answer 15

• broad scope
• abstract theories about nursing and relationships between nursing concepts
• highest level of theories
• Watson, Roy, Orem, Newman, Leininger

Question 16

middle range theories w examples

Answer 16

• limited scope
• less abstract theories about specific nursing actions/processes
• steos
• Kolcaba, Meleis, King, Pender

Question 17

situation/practice specific theories w example

Answer 17

• narrow
• specific to a practice
• durepos: preparedness for death w dementia patients

Question 18

theory categories based on goals

Answer 18

• needs based
• interactions based
• outcome based
• caring/human becoming

Question 19

needs based theories

Answer 19

• aims to meet needs of pts

- Henderson, Orem

Question 20

interactions based theories

Answer 20

• aims to support and promote interactions with patients
• based on relationships
• King, Peplau

Question 21

outcome based

Answer 21

• aims to improve outcomes through caring processes
• achieving most positive outcomes in relation to pt goals
• Roy, Levine, Rogers

Question 22

caring/human becoming theories

Answer 22

• nursing is an act of caring and process of transformation to different levels of being
• promoting growth and development
• Watson, Parse

Question 23

values of nursing theory

Answer 23

• scholarship of nursing
• framework for inquiry
• create own body of knowledge
• explain/guide practice
• communication for specific nursing perceptions

Question 24

nursing theories provide structure and order for guiding/improving…

Answer 24

• professional practice
• teaching and learning activities
• inform research

Question 25

how can theory be used to improve practice

Answer 25

• consider all aspects of pt well being
• optimized through nursing care
• differentiates nursing form other professions