Intro to Theories Flashcards
1
Q
components of a theory
A
- logical, organized consistency framework
- scientific methods
- principles/statements
- explains what will happen and why
2
Q
inductive reasoning
A
- bottom up approach
- qualitative research
- used to develop a theory
- AD HOC - explains what happened
3
Q
inductive reasoning steps
A
- observation
- pattern
- hypothesis
- theory
4
Q
deductive reasoning
A
- top down approach
- quantitative research
- based on an existing theory
- A PRIORI - explains what will happen
5
Q
deductive reasoning steps
A
- theory
- hypothesis
- observation
- confirmation
6
Q
fact
A
- observations about phenomenon in the world
- explains the why
7
Q
law
A
- description based on repeated observations
- does not explain what is happening or why
- uses math equations
8
Q
gravity
A
- both a law and a theory
- there of general relativity
- law of gravity
9
Q
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs principle
A
- human beings are motivated by a hierarchy of needs
- basic needs must be met before higher needs
10
Q
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs pyramid
A
- physiological: bio
- safety: order & control
- love/belonging: relationships, connections, trust
- esteem: independence, mastery, reputation
- self-actualization: desire to achieve potential
11
Q
hypothesis
A
- statements of fact that can be accurate or inaccurate
- not guesses
- can be generated independently by theories
12
Q
nursing theories
A
- creative products of nurses
- describe nursing phenomenon in ways that can be studies, evaluated, and used by other nurses
- explain patterns and relationships in nursing
- stimulate formal debate, exploration, and research
13
Q
theory categories based on level of abstraction
A
- philosophy
- grand theory
- middle range theory
- situation/practice specific theory
14
Q
nursing philosophy w examples
A
- general definition- worldview of nursing with values and beliefs
- Nightingale, Henderson
15
Q
grand theories w example
A
- broad scope
- abstract theories about nursing and relationships between nursing concepts
- highest level of theories
- Watson, Roy, Orem, Newman, Leininger
16
Q
middle range theories w examples
A
- limited scope
- less abstract theories about specific nursing actions/processes
- steos
- Kolcaba, Meleis, King, Pender
17
Q
situation/practice specific theories w example
A
- narrow
- specific to a practice
- durepos: preparedness for death w dementia patients
18
Q
theory categories based on goals
A
- needs based
- interactions based
- outcome based
- caring/human becoming
19
Q
needs based theories
A
- aims to meet needs of pts
- Henderson, Orem
20
Q
interactions based theories
A
- aims to support and promote interactions with patients
- based on relationships
- King, Peplau
21
Q
outcome based
A
- aims to improve outcomes through caring processes
- achieving most positive outcomes in relation to pt goals
- Roy, Levine, Rogers
22
Q
caring/human becoming theories
A
- nursing is an act of caring and process of transformation to different levels of being
- promoting growth and development
- Watson, Parse
23
Q
values of nursing theory
A
- scholarship of nursing
- framework for inquiry
- create own body of knowledge
- explain/guide practice
- communication for specific nursing perceptions
24
Q
nursing theories provide structure and order for guiding/improving…
A
- professional practice
- teaching and learning activities
- inform research
25
Q
how can theory be used to improve practice
A
- consider all aspects of pt well being
- optimized through nursing care
- differentiates nursing form other professions
