Intro to the Respiratory System (SELF STUDY) Flashcards
Upper respiratory tract
nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx
Nose
passageway for air
Nasal cavity
filters, warms and moistens air
Pharynx
passageway for respiration and digestive systems
Larynx
‘voice box’, maintains open airway, routes food and drink appropriately
Lower respiratory tract
trachea, bronchi, lungs
Trachea
conveys air from larynx, branches into bronchi from lungs
Bronchi
branching airways in the lungs
Lungs
contain alveoli which are responsible for gas exchange
Steps in respiration
- pulmonary ventilation
- pulmonary respiration
- tissue respiration
What is respiration dependent on?
volume, pressure, temperature, motion
gas laws
Boyle’s law
pressure is inversely proportional to volume at a constant temperature
Water vapour pressure
inspired air saturated with water vapour in upper airways, which ‘dilutes’ gases
at 37°C, pp of sat. WV pressure = 47mmHg = 6.3 kPa
relevance? enables efficient gas exchange
How to get from mmHg to kPa
divide by 7.5
Dalton’s law of partial pressure
pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture of gases is independent of other gases present
Pulmonary ventilation rate
respiration rate x tidal volume
Alveolar ventilation rate
actual amount of air that reaches the alveoli
calculate ventilation of dead spaces
PVR - dead space ventilation rate
Dead space type
serial
distributive
physiological
Serial dead space
volume of conducting airways
Distributive dead space
some parts of the lungs are not airways but do not support gas exchange (damages alveoli)
Physiological dead space
serial + distributive
Dead space ventilation rate
physiological dead space x respiration rate
