Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

YR 1 BODYSYSTEMS > Intro To The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Intro To The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

Gaseous exchange

  • also involved in speech and smell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the conducting portion of the respiratory system do?

A
  • Transports air
  • Conditions air (warms, moistens, filters)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the respiratory portion of the respiratory system do?

A

It is a thin moist delicate membrane which is the site of gaseous exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four nasal cavity boundaries?

A
  • Nasal cartilage
  • Ethmoid bone
  • Hard palate and soft palate
  • Nasopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is anterior to the nasal cavity?

A

nasal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is superior to the nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is inferior to the nasal cavity?

A

hard palate and soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is posterior to the nasal cavity?

A

Nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three turbinate bones in the nasal cavity forming part of the conducting portion?

A
  • superior concha
  • middle concha
  • inferior concha
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the four paranasal sinuses?

A
  • frontal sinus
  • sphenoid sinus
  • ethmoid sinuses
  • maxillary sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is each sinus found?

A

beneath conchae in areas called meatii
- frontal sinus in frontal bone
- sphenoid sinus in sphenoid bone
- ethmoid sinus in ethmoid bone
- maxillary sinus in maxillary bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the characteristics of sinusitis?

A
  • inflamed sinus lining
  • excess mucus/sinus infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is maxillary sinusitis common?

A

Unlike the other sinuses, the maxillary sinus needs to be full to drain which means more common infections and pain.
It is also close to the superior teeth (only separated by a thin membrane) so infection can spread to the teeth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which ducts does each sinus drain into?

A
  • sphenoid sinus drains into spheno ethmoidal sinus recess
  • frontal sinus and anterior ethmoid sinus into naso-frontal duct
  • maxillary sinus through the middle meatus

(nasolacrimal duct = tear duct - through the nasal bone and into the back of the nose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can a runny nose occur via the sinuses?

A

Paranasal sinuses are in direct communication with the nasal cavity so during inspiration, bacteria and viruses from external air can enter sinuses which are warm and moist resulting in immune responses = mucus production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the nasopharynx located?

A

from nasal cavity to soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which tube is located in the nasopharynx and what is it’s role?

A

Auditory tube which connects to the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is the oropharynx located?

A

soft palate to the epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx located?

A

epiglottis to the oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does the heart sit in the thoracic cavity?

A

In the mediastinum towards the left, lungs point towards the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In which side of the bronchus is a substance more likely to get lodged in?

A

In the right bronchus as it is wider and more vertical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the structure of the conducting portion from the trachea to the terminal bronchiole ?

A

Trachea > primary bronchi > lobar (secondary) bronchi > segmental (tertiary) bronchi > terminal bronchiole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the structure of the conducting portion from the trachea?

A

Trachea > primary bronchi > lobar (secondary) bronchi > segmental (tertiary) bronchi > terminal bronchiole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the structure of the respiratory portion from the terminal bronchiole?

A

Terminal bronchiole > respiratory bronchiole > alveolar sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the role of the capillaries surrounding the alveolar sacs?

A
  • Receive deoxygenated blood from the heart via the pulmonary arteries
  • Send deoxygenated blood back to the heart via the pulmonary veins
25
Q

What is the anatomy of the right lung?

A
  • anterior = superior and middle lobes
  • posterior = inferior lobe
  • oblique fissure divides inferior lobe from the superior and middle lobes
  • horizontal fissure divides middle lobe from the superior lobe
26
Q

What is the anatomy of the left lung

A
  • anterior = superior lobe
  • posterior = inferior lobe
  • no middle lobe
  • no horizontal fissure
  • oblique fissure divides the superior and inferior lobes
27
Q

How do arteries and veins transport pulmonary blood?

A

Arteries = carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Veins = Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

28
Q

What is the hilum?

A
  • The point in which the blood vessels enter the lung
  • Found in the medial aspect of the lung next to the heart
29
Q

What is found in the hilum of the left lung?

A

Superior = pulmonary artery
Posterior = primary bronchus dividing into secondary bronchus (hard and cartilaginous)
Anterior and inferior = pulmonary vein x2
Inferior (thin area) = pulmonary ligament (pleura is quite thick so forms a ligament)

30
Q

What is the difference between the anterior and posterior portions of the lung in terms of thickness and alignment?

A

Anterior much thinner and less straight

31
Q

What are the impressions found in the left lung hilum?

A

cardiac (inferior) and aortic impressions

32
Q

What is found in the hilum of the right lung?

A

superior = pulmonary arteries x2
alongside superior aspect = primary bronchus dividing into the secondary bronchus x2
inferior = pulmonary veins x2
inferior (thin area) = pulmonary ligament

33
Q

What are the impressions found in the right hilum?

A

The impression of the superior vena cava (anterior) and the azygous vein (posterior)

34
Q

What is the role of the azygous vein?

A

Brings blood from the intercostal veins back to the heart

35
Q

What are the functional respiratory divisions?

A
  • Conducting portion
  • Respiratory portion
36
Q

What are the anatomical respiratory divisions?

A
  • Upper respiratory tract (URT) = nasal cavity (+sinuses), pharynx, larynx
  • Lower respiratory tract (LRT) = trachea, bronchi, lungs
37
Q

What are common URT and LRT infections?

A

URT = common cold, the flu
LRT = bronchitis, pneumonia

38
Q

What are the functions of the thoracic cage?

A
  • Protection = for vital organs (as well as some upper abdominal organs)
  • Support = Provides areas of attachment of a variety of different muscles
  • Respiratory movements = changes in thoracic volume are essential for air to be drawn in to/ forced out of the lungs
39
Q

Ho many vertebrae and ribs do we have?

A

Number of vertebrae = number of ribs
24 ribs and 24 vertebrae

40
Q

What does costal mean?

A

costal is anything to do with the ribs

41
Q

Where are intercostal spaces found?

A

Between the ribs

42
Q

Which bones make up the sternum?

A

Superior = manubrium
Middle = body of sternum
Inferior = Xiphoid process

43
Q

Where is the costal margin found?

A

Bottom edge of the ribcage where the cartilage is

44
Q

Where is the thoracic inlet (superior thoracic aperture)?

A

opening at the top of the thoracic cavity

45
Q

What is the thoracic outlet (inferior thoracic aperture)?

A

inferior to the sternum

46
Q

Where does the second rib join?

A

Where the manubrium meets the body of the sternum

47
Q

Briefly what is the mechanism for breathing

A
  • Fresh atmospheric air passes to the alveoli
  • Stale air leaves the alveoli
  • It involves alternate decrease and increase in thoracic volume via movements of the thoracic wall
48
Q

What are the 3 planes of movement during breathing?

A
  • vertical
  • antero-posterior
  • transverse
49
Q

What is the mechanism for inspiration?

A

upper ribs = up and out, increase antero-posterior diameter
lower ribs = increase transverse diameter
Diaphragm = contracts
External muscle makes ribcage bigger for breathing in and internal and innermost help pull the ribcage in

50
Q

What is the mechanism for expiration?

A

ribs = down and in
diaphragm = relaxes

51
Q

Describe the diaphragm?

A
  • separates the thorax from the abdomen
  • fibres converge towards a central tendon
  • apertures in the posterior of the diaphragm allow for the passage of structures (vessels, nerves, oesophagus) between the thorax and the abdomen
52
Q

Compare the left and right sides of the diaphragm

A

Domes superiorly in to the thoracic cage (higher on the right hand side)

53
Q

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

The phrenic nerve - C3, C4 and C5

54
Q

What happens to the diaphragm if a phrenic nerve is damaged?

A

If one is damaged, the diaphragm can still be innervated by the other phrenic nerve but less efficiently

55
Q

What is in the neurovascular bundle and in which order?

A

Vein
Artery
Nerve

*between internal intercostal muscles and innermost intercostal muscles

56
Q

How are intercostal muscles arranged?

A

External intercostal muscles, Internal intercostal muscles, innermost intercostal muscles

  • VAN sandwiched between inter and innermost
57
Q

What encloses the pleural cavity?

A

Lung is surrounded by a membranous sac which encloses the pleural cavity

58
Q

What does the pleural cavity contain and what does this substance do?

A

A film of serous fluid
- helps the lungs slide
- creates surface tension between the parietal and visceral layers to aid inspiration

59
Q

which two pleura make up the membranous sac that surrounds the lungs?

A

Outermost = parietal pleura
Innermost = visceral pleura

60
Q

What are the different types of pleura?

A
  • cervical (at lung apex)
  • costal (posterior of lungs)
  • mediastinal (anterior of lungs)
  • Diaphragmatic (between lung and diaphragm)
  • Visceral pleura is stuck to the lung
61
Q

What and where is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

between diaphragmatic and costal pleura (thin space)

*if blood were to get in, it would accumulate in this recess

YR 1 BODYSYSTEMS (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions