Intro to the Ortho Exam

Question 1

What are red flags in a musculoskeletal exam?

Answer 1

Indicate serious pathology (e.g., cancer, tumors, severe pain, unresponsive to medication, weight loss, fever).
Warrant Referrals!

Question 2

What are yellow flags in a musculoskeletal exam?

Answer 2

Reflect psychosocial issues (e.g., fear-avoidance behaviors, anxiety).

Question 3

What are blue flags in a musculoskeletal exam?

Answer 3

Occupational problems.

Question 4

What does OLBIA stand for in a case history?

Answer 4

Onset, Location, Behavior, Influence, Association

Question 5

What are the components of a physical examination?

Answer 5

Inspection, function, palpation, neurological tests, special tests

Question 6

What does SINS stand for when considering a condition?

Answer 6

Severity, Irritability, Nature, Stage of condition

Question 7

What does a resisted test rule in or out?

Answer 7

Contractile structures

Question 8

What should you do if a patient has a shoulder problem?

Answer 8

clear the neck

Question 9

What should you do if a patient has an elbow problem?

Answer 9

clear the neck and shoulder

Question 10

What does SPL mean in the context of resisted tests?

Answer 10

Strong and painless = no pathology

Question 11

What does SPF mean in the context of resisted tests?

Answer 11

Strong and painful = muscle or tendon problem (strain or tendonitis)

Question 12

What does WFP mean in the context of resisted tests?

Answer 12

Weak and painful = more serious tendon or muscle pathology (tear, strain, tendonitis)

Question 13

What does WPL mean in the context of resisted tests?

Answer 13

Weak and painless = neurological involvement, complete tendon rupture or generalized weakness (disuse atrophy)

Question 14

What does a positive special test mean?

Answer 14

Used to rule in a disease or condition

Question 15

What does a negative special test mean?

Answer 15

Used to rule out a disease or condition

Question 16

What is the purpose of screening patients?

Answer 16

To determine if a patient can be cured by physical therapy alone or if they need a referral.

Question 17

When should you perform clearing exams?

Answer 17

When symptoms are located distal to the spine, especially when the onset of symptoms is insidious(gradually becoming more harmful)

Question 18

What is the Cyriax approach based on?

Answer 18

All pain has a source; the treatment must reach the source; and the treatment must benefit the lesion.

Question 19

What should you do if a patient has a hip problem?

Answer 19

clear the lumbar spine

Question 20

What is part of the Inspection part of an Examination?

Answer 20

ADLs, Posture, swelling, gait , skin condition

Question 21

What is part of the Function part of an Examination?

Answer 21

AROM , PROM, MMT, Resisted tests

Question 22

What is part of the Palpation part of an Examination?

Answer 22

Assess Muscles, joints, nerves, and blood supply

DO NOT guess around

Question 23

What is part of the Neurological tests part of an Examination?

Answer 23

includes myotomes, dermatomes, and cranial nerves

Question 24

what is the difference between resisted test and MMT

Answer 24

Resisted always done with joint in neutral

MMT are done near end range

Question 25

highly specific test

Answer 25

rule in disease

Question 26

highly sensitive test

Answer 26

rule out disease