Intro to the Immune Response Flashcards
Major Classes of Pathogens
- Parasites
- Fungi
- Bacteria
- Viruses
Where is the innate system encoded?
Germ Line
Key Advantage of Innate System
Activated almost instantaneously
Key Disadvantage of Innate System
lacks the ability to precisely target pathogens and limit collateral damage
Key Advantage of Adaptive System
memory and precise specificity
Key Disadvantage of Adaptive System
takes more than a week to become fully operational.
Two pathways of innate system
- soluble proteins synthesized in the liver
- immune effector cells
Leukocytes
derived from pluripotent stem cells in the bone marrow
-several groups have granules in their cytoplasm
Neutrophils
- granulocytes/polymorphonuclear leukocytes
- most common leukocyte in the peripheral blood/ final arbiter in inflammation response
Eosinophils
- specialized granules that were originally developed to drill holes in large parasites
- involved in allergic response
Basophils & Mast cells
- APC
- specialized granules and receptors
Dendritic cells
- the critical cell that activates the immune system
- bone marrow cells are present in all tissues continuously sample the environment for danger
Natural Killer cells (NK)
-large granular lymphocytes that respond to viruses?
Cytokines
- pleiotropism/redundancy
- cellular communication in humoral and cellular mediated immunity
- most cytokine-cell systems have agonists and antagonists
- effects of cytokine can vary depending on stage of activation and differentiation of target cells
Mannose Binding Receptor
-facilitates the uptake of the bacterium into phagocytic cells
