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Anatomy > Intro to the Human Body > Flashcards

Intro to the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

division of the anterior (ventral cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera

A

Abdominpelvic Cavity

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2
Q

assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules

A

Anabolism

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3
Q

standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body

A

Anatomical Position

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4
Q

science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structures

A

Anatomy

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5
Q

describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as ventral

A

Anterior

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6
Q

larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as ventral cavity

A

Anterior Cavity

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7
Q

breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules

A

Catabolism

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8
Q

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as inferior

A

Caudal

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9
Q

medical imaging technique in which a computer-enhanced cross-sectional X-ray image is obtained

A

Computed Tomography (CT)

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10
Q

compares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector

A

Control Center

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11
Q

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as superior

A

Cranial

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12
Q

division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain

A

Cranial Cavity

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13
Q

describes a position farther from the surface of the body

A

Deep

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14
Q

changes an organism goes through during its life

A

Development

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15
Q

process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function

A

Differentiation

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16
Q

describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

A

Distal

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17
Q

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as posterior

A

Dorsal

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18
Q

posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to the posterior body cavity

A

Dorsal Cavity

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19
Q

organ that can cause change in a value

A

Effector

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20
Q

two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions

A

Frontal Plane

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21
Q

Study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to macroscopic anatomy

A

Gross Anatomy

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22
Q

process of increasing in size

A

Growth

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23
Q

steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain

A

Homeostasis

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24
Q

describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as caudal

A

Inferior

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25
Q

describes the side or direction toward the side of the body

A

Lateral

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26
Q

medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field to obtain detailed sectional images of the internal structures of the body

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

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27
Q

describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

A

Medial

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28
Q

sum of all of the body’s chemical reactions

A

Metabolism

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29
Q

study of very small structures of the body using magnification

A

Microscopic Anatomy

30
Q

homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body’s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed

A

Negative Feedback

31
Q

range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center

A

Normal Range

32
Q

chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival

A

Nutrient

33
Q

functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues

A

Organ

34
Q

group of organs that work together to carry out a specific function

A

Organ System

35
Q

living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

A

Organism

36
Q

sac that encloses the heart

A

Pericardium

37
Q

serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs found there

A

Peritoneum

38
Q

science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body’s functions

A

Physiology

39
Q

imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body

A

Plane

40
Q

serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs

A

Pleura

41
Q

the smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles

A

Cell

42
Q

mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus

A

Positive Feedback

43
Q

medical imaging technique in which radiopharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiological functions in tissues

A

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

44
Q

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal

A

Posterior

45
Q

posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as dorsal cavity

A

Posterior Cavity

46
Q

force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance

A

Pressure

47
Q

face down

A

Prone

48
Q

describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

A

Proximal

49
Q

study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions

A

Regional Anatomy

50
Q

process by which worn-out cells are replaced

A

Renewal

51
Q

process by which new organisms are generated

A

Reproduction

52
Q

ability of an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditions

A

Responsiveness

53
Q

two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides

A

Sagittal Plane

54
Q

in anatomy, a single flat surface of a three-dimensional structure that has been cut through

A

Section

55
Q

(also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center

A

Sensor

56
Q

membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serous membrane

A

Serosa

57
Q

membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serosa

A

Serous Membrane

58
Q

ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostasis

A

Set Point

59
Q

division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; also referred to as vertebral cavity

A

Spinal Cavity

60
Q

describes a position nearer to the surface of the body

A

Superficial

61
Q

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as cranial

A

Superior

62
Q

face up

A

Supine

63
Q

study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems

A

Systemic Anatomy

64
Q

division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus and trachea

A

Thoracic Cavity

65
Q

group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function

A

Tissue

66
Q

two-dimensional, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions

A

Transverse Plane

67
Q

application of ultrasonic waves to visualize subcutaneous body structures such as tendons and organs

A

Ultrasonography

68
Q

describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as anterior

A

Ventral

69
Q

larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as anterior body cavity

A

Ventral Cavity

70
Q

form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength capable of penetrating solids and ionizing gases; used in medicine as a diagnostic aid to visualize body structures such as bones

A

X-ray

Anatomy (16 decks)

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