Intro to the Human Body Flashcards
Integumentary System
(hair, skin,nails)
- Encloses internal body structures
- Site of many sensory receptors
Skeletal System
( cartilage, bones,joints)
- Supports the body
- enables movement ( with muscular system)
Muscular System
(skeletal muscles,tendons)
- enables movement ( with skeletal system)
- helps maintain body temperature
Nervous System
(brain spinal cord, peripheral nerves)
- detects and processes sensory information
- activates bodily responses
Endocrine System
(pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas,adrenal glands,testes)
- secretes hormones
- regulates bodily processes
Cardiovascular System
( heart, blood vessels)
- delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
- equalizes temperature in the body
Lymphatic System
(thymus,lymph nodes, spleen,lymphatic vessels)
- returns fluid to blood
- defends against pathogens
Respiratory System
(nasal passages,trachea, lungs)
- removes carbon dioxide from the body
- delivers oxygen to blood
Digestive System
(stomach, liver,gall bladder, small intestine, large intestine)
- processes food use by the body
- removes wastes from undigested food
Urinary System
(bladder,urinary bladder)
- controls water balance in the body
- removes wastes from the blood and excretes them
Male Reproductive System
(testes,epididymis)
- produces sex hormones and gametes
- delivers gametes to female
Female Reproductive System
(mammary glands, ovaries,uterus)
- produces sex hormones and gametes
- supports embryo/fetus until birth
- produces milk for infant
Definitive of human life
organization, metabolism,responsiveness,movement,development,reproduction
requirements of life
oxygen, nutrients,narrow range of atmospheric pressure, narrow range of temperature
hypothermia
abnormally low body temperature
hyperthermia
abnormally HIGH body temperature
reason why humans require a narrow range of atmospheric pressure
to maintain gases ( nitrogen, oxygen , carbon dioxide) dissolved in your blood
A _____ feed back loop results in a change in the body status, rather than return to homeostasis
positive
the state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things
homeostasis
mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point
negative feedback loop
negative feedback loop has 3 basic components
- sensor
- control
- effector
which negative feedback loop component relays information to the control center
sensor
which negative feedback loop component relays information to the effector
control center
intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition rather than reversing it
Positive feedback loop
example of positive feedback loop is childbirth
- damages cells and can cause long-term changes that led to cancer
- can only image static images
X-Ray
cross sectional x-ray compiled tp make a 2D “slice”
C.T. Scan
-magnetic fields to measure radio waves emitted by tissue
MRI
- uses radio-pharmaceuticals that emit radiation
- can be used to measure metabolism and blood flow in dynamic images
PET Scan
- detects blood flow (non-invasive) monitor brain function
FMRI
- uses high frequency sound waves to generate an echo that can be converted into real time image to measure anatomy and physiology
ultrasonography
