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Intro to Teaching > Intro to Teaching Chapter 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Intro to Teaching Chapter 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for the study of people and their vital statistics?

A

Demographic Forecasting.

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2
Q

A group of individuals sharing a common socially determined category often related to genetic attributes, physical appearance, and ancestry is known as their _____.

A

Race.

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3
Q

A group of individuals sharing a common socially determined category often related to genetic attributes, physical appearance, and ancestry is known as their _____.

A

Ethnicity.

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4
Q

More than __________ ELLs are enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools.

A

5 Million

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5
Q

English language learners make up what percent of the school enrollment.

A

10%

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6
Q

This type of approach is designed to help children develop academic skills in both their native language and English.

A

Maintenance or Developmental Approach

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7
Q

Shared common cultural traits such as language, religion, and dress are attributes of someone’s ______.

A

Ethnicity.

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8
Q

This Spanish Speaking emigrant struggled in school because of his language barrier until he went to a Mennonite high school. He went on to become a Spanish teacher and to teach writing in college.

A

Carlos Julio Ovando

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9
Q

A set of learned beliefs, values, symbols, and behaviors are a reflection of a person’s ______?

A

Culture.

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10
Q

Most English language learners were born in the US.

A

true

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11
Q

What are the differences between Race, Ethnicity, and Culture?

A

Race - A group who shares genetic attributes, appearance, and ancesty.
Ethnicity - Shared cultural traits (language, religion, and dress).
Culture - Learned beliefs, values, symbols, and behaviors.

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12
Q

If you claim to have ancestry of 2 or more races, what are you said to be?

A

Multiracial.

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13
Q

Dual-language instruction is an

A

ideal maintenance program that help students develop cognitively in both languages, learning about the culture and history of their ethnic group as well as the dominant culture.

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14
Q

Which approach instruction is exclusively English?

A

immersion

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15
Q

What does ESL stand for?

A

English as a Second Language

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16
Q

_________supplements immersion programs by providing special pullout classes for additional instruction in reading and writing in English.

A

ESL

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17
Q

Supporters of the English-only movement feel

A

that English is unifying national bond that preserves our common culture.

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18
Q

The English-only movement supports the idea that English should be the only language used or spoken in public.

A

True

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19
Q

How are school clubs and organizations such as the GSA protected from discrimination, and allowed to be organized?

A

The Federal Equal Access Act of 1984.

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20
Q

Strategies for teaching English language learners:

A
  • get to know your students
  • give explicit directions, emphasize key words, offer concrete examples
  • plan for and expect the active involvement of ELL students.
  • do not depend simply on verbal, teacher-centered learning, but incorporate a variety of instructional strategies.
  • always provide time to check for understanding and be sure to provide precise and immediate feedback.
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21
Q

Strategies for teaching English language learners:

A
  • get to know your students
  • give explicit directions, emphasize key words, offer concrete examples
  • plan for and expect the active involvement of ELL students.
  • do not depend simply on verbal, teacher-centered learning, but incorporate a variety of instructional stragies.
  • always provide time to check for understanding and be sure to provide precise and immediate feedback.
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22
Q

Who focuses specifically on developing a multicultural curriculum?

A

James Banks

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23
Q

What is the Social Action Approach?

A

Students make decisions on important social issues and take actions to help solve them.

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24
Q

What is the Transformation Approach?

A

The structure of the curriculum is changed to enable students to view concepts, issues, events and themes from the perspectives of diverse ethnic and cultural groups. The changing of PERSPECTIVES.

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25
Q

What is the Additive Approach?

A

Content, concepts, themes and perspectives are added to the curriculum without changing is structure such as the observance of “special” weeks and months (black history moth, etc).

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26
Q

What is the Contributions Approach?

A

focuses on heroes, holidays and discrete cultural elements. (rosa parks, sacagewea, Book t. Washington).

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27
Q

Who is James Bank and how does he contribute to education?

A

He created the four approaches for multicultural curriculum.

The contributions approach.
The additive approach.
The transformation approach.
The social action approach.

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28
Q

Culturally responsive teaching focuses on…

A

the learning strengths of students and mediates the frequent mismatch between home and school cultures.

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29
Q

Who is Gloria Ladson-Billings?

A

Professor at the University of Wisconsin-she created 3 principals of cultural responsive teaching.

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30
Q

Absolute beliefs that all members of a group have a fixed set of characteristics are known as _______.

A

Stereotypes.

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31
Q

Generalizations offer insights not hard fast conclusions.

A

true

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32
Q

Generalization is never intended to apply to all.

A

true

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33
Q

Generalizing uses words like?

A

many, often, tend to

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34
Q

Teachers must determine who will talk, when, and for how long as well as the basic direction of communication. This is called _______.

A

Gatekeeping.

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35
Q

Who devised the theory on racial influence in regards to tracking, stating that race, far more than ability determines which students are placed in which tracks?

A

Jeannie Oakes.

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36
Q

What is Federal Equal Access Act?

A

The Equal Access Act is a United States federal law passed in 1984 to compel federally funded secondary schools to provide equal access to extracurricular clubs.

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37
Q

Describe Deficit Theory

A

Certain students will do poorly in school because they suffer some sort of deficit: cultural, social, economic, academic, linguistic, or even genetic.

38
Q

This court case found that federally funded schools must “rectify the language deficiency” of students.

A

Lau Vs. Nichols.

39
Q

What is the theory that says children who do poorly is because their teachers do not have high expectations from certain racial or ethnic groups?

A

Expectation theory.

40
Q

educational policies and practices that not only recognize but also affirm human differences and similarities associated with gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, disability and class is known as _______.

A

Multicultural education.

41
Q

Non-English speaking students who learn to speak English by sitting in class (but may fail in the process) is an approach known as ________.

A

Language Submersion.

42
Q

LGBT

A

-

43
Q

Professor Andrew Hacker-Cornell

A

-

44
Q

Bilingual Education Models

A

-

45
Q

James Bank four approaches

A

Level 1: The Contributions Approach-focuses on heroes, holiday, and discrete cultural elements.
Level 2: The Additive Approach- content, concepts, themes, and perspectives are added to the curriculum without changing its structures.
Level 3: The Transformation Approach-The sturcture of the curriculum is changed to enable students to view concepts, issue events, and themes from the perspectives of diverse ethnic and cultural groups.
Level 4: The Social Action Approach-Students make decisions on important social issues and take actions to help solve them.

46
Q

Phillip W. Jackson

A

reports that teachers are typically involved in more than 1000 verbal exchanges every day with their students.
He also wrote the book Life in the Classroom describing how time is spent in the classroom.

47
Q

noninstructional demands in classroom

A

-

48
Q

gatekeeper

A

teachers must determine who will talk, when and for how long as well as the basic direction of the communication.

49
Q

Jeannie Oaks

A

found that race, far more than ability, determines which students are placed in which tracks.

50
Q

tracking

A

sorting students by different abilities and setting them on their path

51
Q

John Goodlad

A

researcher with Jeannie Oaks studying how race more than ability determines which students are placed in which tracks. He studied the patterns in the classroom.

52
Q

Shirley Brian Heath

A

-

53
Q

Relational aggression

A

Relational aggression, also known as covert aggression, or covert bullying is a type of aggression in which harm is caused by damaging someone’s relationships or social status. Ranked highest with students describing a peer culture of gossip, rumors and distrust among friends.

54
Q

student poverty

A

-

55
Q

Bullying

A

-

56
Q

Middle School Education

A

-

57
Q

family patterns

A
  • only 2/3 students live in two parent families
  • nearly 1 in 4 children live with mothers only
  • 3% with fathers
  • 4% with neither parent
  • single parent families are less like to excel academically and more like to drop out
  • 1 in 7 children are born to a mother that is at least 35
  • more than 50% of new mothers have at least some college
  • more than 40% of births are to unmarried mothers
58
Q

The use of two languages for instruction is known as ______.

A

Bilingual Education.

59
Q

During WWI, speaking and teaching of any language other than English was seen as unpatriotic and prohibited in early grades. The Supreme Court later found this approach to be xenophobic and unconstitutional in which court case?

A

Meyer Vs. State of Nebraska 1923

60
Q

Explain the happenings of Lau vs. Nichols.

A

1800 chinese students who were failing courses because of inability to understand English. Teaching students in a language they don’t understand is not an appropriate education. Resulted in the “Lau Remedies”.

61
Q

“Language minority students should be taught academics in their primary language until the could effectively benefit from English language instruction” is an action from this set of guidelines.

A

The Lau Remedies.

62
Q

Patterns in Classroom by John Goodlad

A
  • much of what happens is geared toward 20-30
  • although classroom is group setting, each student typically works along
  • teacher sets tone and determines activities
  • most of the time teacher is in front teaching whole group
  • little praise/corrective feedback, classes are emotionally neutral/flat places
  • students are involved in limited range of activities: listening, writing, and testing
  • significant number of students are confused by teacher explanations and feel that they do not get enought guidance on how to improve.
63
Q

The argument that some students do poorly academically because they suffer cultural, social, economic, academic, linguistic, or genetic deficits.

A

The Deficit Theory.

64
Q

The argument that some students do poorly academically because they suffer cultural, social, economic, academic, linguistic, or genetic deficits.

A

The Deficit Theory.

65
Q

What theory asserts that educators can overcome academic problems by studying and mediating the cultural gap separating school and home?

A

Cultural Difference Theory.

66
Q

What is the expectation theory?

A

The theory that students do poorly because their teachers have low expectations from certain racial and ethnic groups.

67
Q

What is cultural pluralism?

A

A recognition that some groups, voluntarily or involuntarily, have maintained their culture and their language.

68
Q

Describe the transitional approach in regards to ELL.

A

It uses the native language as a bridge to english language instruction. start out with native native and slowly introduce english into instruction.

69
Q

Describe the maintenance/developmental approach in regards to ELL.

A

Designed to help children develop academic skills in both their native language and english.

70
Q

Describe dual language instruction.

A

K-12 instruction that promotes cognitive development with both languages, learning of culture and history of ethnic group.

71
Q

What are some of the few dimensions of Multicultural education?

A
  1. Expanding the curriculum to reflect America’s diversity.
  2. Use teaching strategies that are responsive to different learning styles.
  3. support the multicultural competence of teachers so that they are comfortable and knowledgeable working with students and families of different cultures.
  4. Have a commitment to social justice, promoting efforts to work and teach toward local and global equity.
72
Q

Who focused on developing a multicultural curriculum aimed at achieving a greater understanding and more positive attitude toward different groups by integrating and broadening the curriculum to be more inclusive and action oriented?

A

James Banks.

73
Q

What are the three “promising” culturally responsive principals for teaching developed by Gloria Ladson-Billings?

A
  1. Students must experience academic success to develop strong self-esteem.
  2. Students should develop and maintain cultural competence; the students home culture is an opportunity for learning.
  3. Students must develop critical consciousness and actively challenge social injustice.
74
Q

What are stereotype threats?

A

A measure of how social context, such as self-image, trust in others, and a sense of belonging, can influence academic performance. (when an individual is aware of a stereotype, he or she is likely to behave live the stereotype)

75
Q

The recognition that there are trends over large numbers of groups is known as a ________>

A

Generalization.

76
Q

Insights and experiences developed through learning about different students and their varying backgrounds and can enhance learning are known as ________.

A

diversity assets.

77
Q

Whats the DIVERSE acronym stand for?

A 
D - Diverse instructional material
I - Inclusive
V - Variety
E - Exploration
R - Reaction
S - Safety
E - Evaluation
78
Q

Explain the last E in D.I.V.E.R.S.E.

A

E - Evaluation: teachers should use a variety of evaluation strategies to asses strengths of each student.

79
Q

Explain the S in D.I.V.E.R.S.E.

A

S - Safety: Avoid offensive comments about religion, race, ethnicity, sexuality, etc. Bullying should be thwarted.

80
Q

Explain the R in D.I.V.E.R.S.E.

A

R - Reaction: Give effective, specific, timely, honest, and precise feedback to your students. don’t be too quick.

81
Q

Explain the first E in D.I.V.E.R.S.E.

A

E - Exploration: Encourage students to explore new cultures.

82
Q

Explain the V in D.I.V.E.R.S.E.

A

V - Variety: Use different teaching strategies targeted at different learning styles, sensory channels and intelligences.

83
Q

Explain the I in D.I.V.E.R.S.E.

A

I - Inclusive: Make opportunities to include and allow every student to participate.

84
Q

Explain the D in D.I.V.E.R.S.E.

A

D - Diverse instructional material: Make sure your material has something for everyone.

85
Q

The process by which students with differing abilities (low, middle, high) are given different levels of courses and programs (vocational, general, college-bound, honors and ap) is known as what?

A

Tracking.

86
Q

Instead of tracking, this approach mixes different levels of learners.

A

Heterogenous.

87
Q

What is ability grouping and how is it different from tracking?

A

Ability grouping essentially sorts high level students in particular subjects that they excel at. They may be in a high level math class but can be put in a low level english class. Tracking, on the other hand, is more “across the board”, if a kid is good at one subject, he is put in high classes all around. Tracking is frowned upon and is being weeded out of schools because it segregates kids and is argued to segregate on the basis of race rather than ability.

88
Q

What is a sociogram?

A

a diagram constructed to measure social interactions between a group of people.

89
Q

What culturally responsive teaching techniques?

A
  1. Student academic success builds self-esteem
  2. Student home culture is honored at school
  3. Students actively challenge social injustices
90
Q

Does Texas have an official language law?

A

Nah brah.

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