Intro to Surgical Tx Flashcards
1
Q
accepted terminology
A
scientific language developed for precise and accurate communication within the profession to insure the health and wellbeing of our patients
2
Q
operative dentistry
A
restoring damaged areas of teeth
3
Q
operative dentistry restores damage to teeth caused by…(6)
A
caries erosion abrasion attrition fracture developmental defects
4
Q
Do all caries lesions require restoration?
A
no
5
Q
how are early caries lesions treated
A
risk management strategies
remineralization therapy
(non-invasive/non-surgical tx)
6
Q
do all abrasion, attrition, and erosion lesions require restoration?
A
no
specific indications for operative intervention must be present
7
Q
preparation
A
cutting tooth structure with the goal of shaping the cavity to receive the restorative material
8
Q
Because tooth is a tissue of the human body, cutting a cavity preparation constitutes a _____
A
surgical procedure
9
Q
purpose of dental restoration
A
restore form, function, esthetics
protect pulp, periodontium, remaining tooth
prevents adjacent/opposing teeth from changing position
10
Q
Name the 4 types of restorative materials
A
provisional/temporary
definitive/permanent
direct
indirect
11
Q
class I cavity
A
pits and fissures
12
Q
class II cavity
A
proximal contacts of posterior teeth
13
Q
class III cavity
A
proximal contacts of anteriors
14
Q
class IV
A
incisal angle fracture
15
Q
class V cavity
A
cervical - facial or lingual
inferior to COC (gingival third/infrabulge area)
ALL TEETH
16
Q
a restoration consists of:
A
prep
restorative material
17
Q
definitive restorative materials are….
A
permanent
18
Q
direct restorative materials
A
placed directly into prepared cavity
amalgam
compacted gold
composite resin
19
Q
indirect restorative materials
A
fabricated outside the mouth and subsequently cemented into place
cast gold
procelain
porcelain fused to metal
20
Q
lay terms
A
less technical terms used in communicating with patients
21
Q
archaic terms
A
no longer used but found in the older literature
22
Q
jargon
A
slang, idioms, regional terms, and other innacurate communication
23
Q
incipient caries lesion
A
reversible
24
Q
tx options for incipient caries
A
fluoride xylitol diet counseling antimicrobial tx sealants education
25
what are the indications that the coronal surface of a tooth has reached the early cavity (irreversible) stage?
lesion reaches dentin
| frank cavitation
26
what are the indications that a root surface has reached the early cavity (irreversible) stage?
surface softening penetrates deeply (> .5 mm)
| cavitation
27
a tooth reaching the early cavity stage idicates the need for...
surgical intervention
28
operation
LAY TERM for surgical procedure
29
placing a restoration is often referred to as...(3)
operative tx
surgical intervention
restorative services
30
GV Black's classifications of cavities are useful because...
lesions in similar locations on different teeth could be approached w a similar restoration design
31
Where are Class I cavities most commonly found
occlusal surfaces
occlusal 2/3rds of buccal and lingual surfaces of posteriors
Also - lingual surfaces of incisors
32
Class VI cavity
not part of the original classification by GV Black
| Cusp tips/incisal edges
33
prep wall
surround the perimeter of prep
| set limit to cavity depth
34
prep line angle
where prep walls intersect
35
cavosurface angle/margin
prep wall intersecting with a tooth surface
36
point angle
junction of 3 line angles
37
prep walls take the name of...
the surfaces toward which they are placed
38
pulpal floor
wall lying perpendicular to the long axis of tooth
| in close relationship to the pulp
39
gingival wall/seat
prep wall lying perpendicular to long axis of tooth and in close proximity to the gingiva
40
axial wall
prep wall standing parallel to the long axis of the tooth and in close relationship to the pulp
41
What are the 2 conceptual divisons of class II cavity preps
occlusal portion - part crossing the occlusal surface
| proximal box - portion dropping down on mesial/distal surface
42
proximal box
portion of a class II cavity prep that drops down on the mesial or distal surface
43
which walls are common to both parts (occlusal and proximal portions) of a class II cavity prep
buccal wall
| lingual wall
44
how do you name the buccal and lingual walls of a MO or DO class II cavity prep?
buccal occlusal wall
buccal proximal wall
lingual occlusal wall
lingual proximal wall
45
how do you name the buccal and lingual walls of a MOD class II cavity prep?
```
mesio-buccal proximal wall
mesio-lingual proximal wall
disto-buccal proximal wall
disto-lingual proximal wall
buccal occlusal wall
lingual occlusal wall
```
46
line angles are named for...
the 2 walls forming them
first - axial
last - pulpal/gingival
47
cavosurface angles are named by...
the wall forming them
| ex. distal cavosurface margin
48
point angles are named for...
the 3 walls forming them
axio-linguo-gingival point angle
linguo-gingivo-cavosurface point angle
49
name the 7 basic principles of cavity preparation (usually performed somewhat in this order)
1. outline form
2. resistance form
3. retention form
4. convenience form
5. caries removal
6. finish of the enamel walls
7. cleansing the cavity
50
outline form
the final extent (position and dimensions) and configuration (shape) of the cut face of the cavity prep
51
what are the two parts of outline form
external outline form
| internal outline form
52
external outline form
perimeter of the prepared cavity
| configuration of the enamel cavosurface margin following cavity preparation
53
internal outline form
inner dimension and details (depth, shape) of the prep
54
Factors that affect outline form (4)
extend of the caries lesion
proximity of lesion to other defects
relationship of adjacent and opposing teeth
esthetic considerations
55
the extent of the caries lesion will affect the outline form of the cavity prep - what are the requirements of the prep in order for it to be successful? (4)
1. remove all tooth structure destroyed by caries process
2. include unsupported enamel
3. include contiguous pits, fossae, deep grooves, existing restorations, and fissures to terminate margins on smooth tooth structure
4. avoid sound cusps and marginal ridges
56
resistance form
form of prep that aids in prevention of fracture of tooth/restorative material during function
features that resist biting forces (vertical, lateral)
57
retention form
form of prep that protects restoration against displacement
| Undercuts, etc. to lock restoration into tooth structure
58
convenience form
Form of cavity that allows adequate vision and access for instrumentation/insertion of restorative material
Usually obtained while developing outline form
59
caries removal (general principle of cavity prep)
removal of any carious tissue that has extended beyond the optimal cavity form established
60
finish of the enamel walls (general principles of cavity prep)
Refinements to prep
61
cleansing the cavity (general principles of cavity prep)
Removal of moisture and debris prior to placement of the restorative material
62
set up
set of instruments and supplies necessary to carry out a given procedure
63
armamentarium
Complete supply of instruments, equipment, and supplies available to a clinician in a given office/clinical setting
64
instruments used in preparing cavities and placing restorative materials can be broadly classified into _____ and _____
Rotary instruments
| Hand instruments
65
Hand instruments can be further categorized into ________ and ______
hand cutting instruments
| Non-cutting instruments
66
Hand cutting instruments are ______ and have ______ blades to resist dulling
Double ended
| Carbide
67
1st # on hand cutting instruments
width of blade (tenths of mm)
68
2nd # on hand cutting instruments
length of blade (mm)
69
3rd # on hand cutting instruments
Angle of blade to long axis of handle (centigrades)
70
4th # on hand cutting instruments
Not always present
If present - between 1st and 2nd #s
Angle the cutting edge formes with long axis of handle (centigrades)
gingival margin trimmers, angle formers
71
Hand cutting instruments can be divided into types according to their overall shape and purpose, including...
```
chisels
hatchets
hoes
gingival margin trimmers
spoon excavators, etc.
```
72
Non cutting hand instruments include...
Amalgam condensers
Burnishers
Carvers
Material placement instruments, etc.
73
Hand cutting instruments are used to...(4)
Cleave enamel
Smooth outline form
Planes walls
Refine cavosurfaces
74
What are 2 ways to test the sharpness of a hand cutting instrument?
1. place primary cutting edge against thumbnail and gently drag - if it is dull, it will not engage nail
2. look head on at primary cutting edge under bright light - if light reflected from the cutting edge, this means there is a bevel = dull
75
The primary cutting edge is designed with a ____ degree angle
45 degree
76
for most instruments, the primary cutting edge is at a ____ angle to the long axis of the blade
90 degree
77
sharpening technique
- wear gloves
- place cutting face (bevel that creates cutting edge) flat against sharpening stone
- cutting face should be maintained at a 45 degree angle to the rest of the blade
- firm forward, light backward (½ the stone) 20x
78
Cutting face
bevel that creates the cutting edge
79
during sharpening, the cutting face should be maintained at a _____ angle to the rest of the blade
45 degrees
80
How many cycles of the sharpening technique of firm forward, light backwards should be performed
20
81
pen grasp
provides stability, control for refinement
| action - down and away from DDS
82
reverse pen grasps (inverted pen grasp)
pen grasp with wrist turned clockwise until palm is up
action - up and toward DDS
Used in Mx arch
83
Palm-thumb grasp
More secure grasp where power is needed
| Primary used on Mx
