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Orthopedics > Intro to surgery > Flashcards

Intro to surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Involves incision of adequte length and depth through superficial and deep layers of skin, fascia and joint capsule

A

Open procedure

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2
Q

used to descrive an open procedure to expose joit stracture

A

Arthotomy

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3
Q

uses arthroscope. Small incisions on the skin

A

Arthroscopic procedure

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4
Q

dx tool where there is line c camera to visualize the loob ng joint

A

arthroscope

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5
Q

Small incisions on the skin

A

portals

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6
Q

Common in shoulder knee and hip, ligament repairs

A

Arthroscopic procedure

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7
Q

Malaki incision in Open

A

bigger Soft tissue disruption

longer recovery time

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8
Q

Uses arthroscopy for a portion of the procedure but also requires and open surgical field

A

Arthroscopically assisted procedure

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9
Q

Autograft

A

self

harvest from donors side

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10
Q

Allograft

A

same specie

uses cadaveric donor

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11
Q

Synthetic graft

A

gore tex and dacron

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12
Q

disadvantages Autograft

A

needs 2 surgical procedure because it needs to harvest the skin then replace it

damage to weakening of otherwise healthy tissue at the donor site

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13
Q

disadvantages allografts

A

potential disease transmission from the donor

dec graft streth
risk of graft failure to immuno rejection

usually tendon lng, d pwede cartillage

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14
Q

disadvantages allografts

A

potential disease transmission from the donor

dec graft streth
risk of graft failure to immuno rejection

usually tendon lng, d pwede cartillage

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15
Q

done after complete muscle tear

A

muscle repair

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16
Q

Full contracting mm is stretched or receive a complere bkie

A

moi of full muscle tear

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17
Q

Repair after ___ hrs when inflammaroty signs are minimal in mm repair

A

48-72 hrs

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18
Q

Mx guidliens for muscle repair

A

Mm sets may be done immediately after rugery

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19
Q

WB for muscle repair

A

partially restrcited until pt achieves fxnal level of strenght and flexibility in the repaired mm

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20
Q

Post immob in muscle repair

A

AROM’S IN TOLERATED RANGE gradual progression of low load high reps resistance para makit tolerance ng mm

AROM’S will tell us how
willing the patient is to
move. Ano lang ka
nyang ROM.

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21
Q

Precautions for muscle repair

A

no strethching and vigorous mm contraction until soft tissue healing is completed (6-8 wks)

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22
Q

Tendon repair result of macrotrauma

A

Young person

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23
Q

Tendon repair
Deteration
repetitive macrotrauma

A

Elderly

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24
Q

Full tear

A

low strenght

little to no pain

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25
bat may pain sa partial tear
napupull ang injured area
26
partial tear
Strenght 3-2+
27
Tendon repair should be done ___ and why
immediately umuurong agad tendon
28
stretched beyond normal units
Dilation:
29
fibrous band or structure that abnormally attached body parts
Adhesion:
30
removal of a structure
Excision
31
cut or wound produced by a sharp object
Incision:
32
subjective evidence of a pt’s dse
Symptom
33
prediction of a probable outcome of a dse
Prognosis
34
closing an opening by stitches
Suture
35
artificially produced opening in a body structure
Stoma
36
sudden, involuntary contraction of a mm
Spasm
37
drooping or sagging of a body structure
Prolapse
38
INDICATION FOR SX INTERVENTION
- Incapacitating pain at rest or c fuc. Act. - Marked limitation of arom or prom - Gross instability of a joint alignment - Significant structural degeneration - Chronic jt swelling - Failed conservative (non-sx) pr prior sx mx - Significant loss of func. Leading to disability as the result of any of the preceding factors.
39
MX GUIDELINES
Rehab begins c pt education & pre-rehab exercises or func. Skill dev’t before sx and continues c direct intervention from a therapist and long-term self-mx by the pt after sx
40
. PRE-OP EXAMINATION AND EVALUATION
``` ● Pain ● ROM and Jt. Integrity ● Skin integrity ● MM Performance ● Posture ● Gait Analysis ● Functional Status ```
41
PRE-OP PT EDUC: METHODS AND RATIONALE
● Pt educ begins pre-operatively ● Pre-op instruction gives a pt an idea regarding the factors assoc. c sx such as wound care, precautions following sx, use of asst. devices or immobilizer
42
COMPONENTS OF PRE-OP PT EDUCATION
``` ● Overview of plan of care ● Post-op precautions ● Bed mobility and transfers ● Initial post-op exercises ➔ Deep breathing and coughing exercises ➔ Active ankle exercises ➔ Gentle mm-setting exercises of immobilized jts ● Gait training ● Wound care ● Pain mx NOTE: PRE-OP EXERCISE PROG MAY BE PARTICULARLY BENEFICIAL IF A PROLONGED PERIOD OF IMMOBILIZATION OR REDUCED WEIGHT BEARING IS NECESSARY AFTER SX. ```
43
POST-OP EXAMINATION AND | EVALUATION
``` ● Pain ● Swelling ● Potential Circulatory and Pulmonary complications ● MM weakness and/or atrophy ● WB ● Weakness and LOM of other non-affected jts ```
44
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES THE COMPONENTS, PROGRESSION, AND OUTCOMES OF A POST-OP REHAB PROG.
``` ● Extent of tissue pathology or damage ❖ Size of severity of the lesion ● Type and unique characteristics of the sx procedure ● Pt-related factors ❖ Age, extent of pre-op impairments, and functional limitations ❖ Health Hx, particularly use of meds and for DM pts ❖ Lifestyle Hx, inc. tobacco use ❖ Needs goals, expectations, and social support Level of motivation and ability to adhere to an exercise prog ● Stage of healing of involved tissues ● Characteristics of types of tissues involved ❖ Response to immobilization and remobilization ● Integrity of structures adjacent to involved tissues ● Philosophy of the surgeon ```
45
how long MAXIMUM PROTECTION PHASE lasts
(FEW DAYS - 6 WEEKS)
46
how long MODERATE PROTECTION PHASE
( 4 to 6 weeks- 12 weeks)
47
how long MINIMUM PROTECTION PHASE
(6 TO 12 WEEKS- 6 MONS OR BEYOND)
48
POTENTIAL POST-OP COMPLICATIONS & RISK REDUCTION
``` A. PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS B. DVT AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM C, JOINT SUBLUXATION OR DISLOCATION D. RESTRICTED MOTION FROM ADHESIONS AND SCAR FORMATION E. FAILURE, DISPLACEMENT OR LOOSENING OF INTERNAL FIXATION DEVICE F. DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM: A CLOSER LOOK ```
49
Necessary for surgeries such as joint replacement, arthrodesis, or internal fixation of fractures & reconstruction procedure
ARTHROTOMY/open procedure
50
Requires a lengthy period of rehabilitation for soft tissue healing.
ARTHROTOMY/open procedure
51
Increase soft tissue | disruption
OPEN PROCEDURE
52
decrease soft tissue | disruption
ARTHROSCOPICALLY | ASSISTED PROCEDURE
53
how long before mm tear is repaired
48-72hrs where inflammatory signs | are minimal
54
Muscle is reopposed sutured and immobilization in a ____position
because we don’t want to stretch the muscle or tendon
55
MM sets for Muscle tear
low level contraction: to increase the circulation of the muscle and lessen the atrophy
56
MC site for tendon repair
bicipital tendon and | achilles tendon
57
Post-op Management for tendon tear
``` Muscle setting is begun immediately after sx ● Remove immobilization for brief periods of exercise ● PROMS or active cxn of antagonistic muscle group written a protected range ● Controlled antigravity motions are initiated after tendon had several weeks to heal (subacute) ● WB: may be restricted and heavy weight lifting are contraindicated (6 - 8 weeks) ● Vigorous stretching and high intensity resistance exercise can be initiated at 8 weeks ```
58
Vigorous stretching and high intensity resistance exercise can be initiated at ___ for tendon repair
8 weeks
59
CAPSULE STABILIZATION AND RECONSTRUCTION | is indicated for
``` ● Traumatic dislocation with associated capsular, labral avulsion or fracture ● Recurrent dislocation ● Subluxation despite conservative management ● Irreducible dislocation ```
60
A specific portion of capsule is incised and tightened by overlapping and then suturing the redundant tissue
Capsulorrhaphy (Capsular shift)
61
Repair of capsule and labral lesion by reattaching the labrum to the rim of the glenoid combined with stabilization of the capsule
Capsulolabral Reconstruction
62
Arthroscopic approach that uses laser to | shrink selective portions
Electrothermally Assisted Capsulorrhaphy

Orthopedics (5 decks)

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