Intro to study of cells Flashcards
What is characteristic of life?
- have metabolic activity
- use homeostatic control
- show growth, development and reproduction
- DNA is molecule of inheritance
- have adaptive potential
- display diversity
level of organisation in life?
biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, multicellular organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule, atom, subatomic particle
what is the finding of Friedrich Wohler?
synthesized urea from ammonium cyanate which shows urea is not special
differences between the researchs of Louis Pasteur and Edward Buchner?
Louis found that living yeast can make alcohol while Edward found that the extract of yeast can make alcohol
who is Gustav Embden and Otto Meyerhof?
owner of embden-meyerhof pathway and glycolisis
what is ancestor cells called?
cenancestor
what is the 3 domain system?
archaea, bacteria and eukarya
what type of membrane does bact and eukarya have?
the membrane composed of unbranched fatty acid chain attached to glycerol by ester linkage
what type of membrane does archaea has?
the membrane composed of branched hydrocarbon chain attached to glycerol by ether linkages
which has smaller and simple cell, prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells?
prokaryotic cells
smaller the cell, greater the surface-to-volume ratio
true
in smaller cell, limited surface area compared to its volume therefore nutrient can’t rapidly diffuse to all interior parts
false. larger cell not smaller.
structure of virus?
DNA, sheath, protein coat, tail fibre, base plate
what types of bacteria (E.coli) flagellar?
monotrichous, amphitrichous, lophotinchous, peritrichous
differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of locomotor organelles?
eukaryotic cells: may have flagella/cillia, has distinct arrangement of sliding microtubules surrounded by membranes, microtubule arrangement is 2x9+2 arrangement.
prokaryotic cells: some have flagella, has single, rotating fibril, not surrounded by membrane, no cillia
differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of nuclear body?
eukaryotic cells: bounded by nuclear membrane, contain 1/more paired, linear chromosome composed of DNA associated with histone protein, nucleolus present, nuclear body called nucleus
prokaryotic cells: not bounded by nuclear membrane, contain 1 circular chromosome composed of DNA associated with histone-like protein, no nucleolus, nuclear body called nucleoid
differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of cell division?
eukaryotic cells: by mitosis, sex cells in diploid organisms are produced through meiosis
prokaryotic cells: usually binary fission, no mitosis. organisms are haploid which no meiosis needed
differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes in terms of cytoplasmic membrane?
eukaryotic cells: cytoplasmic membrane is fluid phospholipid bilayer contain sterols and carbohydrates. capable of endocytosis and exocytosis
prokaryotic cells: cytoplasmic membrane is a fluid phospholipid bilayer without carbohydrates and lacking sterols. many bacteria contain sterol-like molecules called hopanoids. incapable of endocytosis and exocytosis
bacteria that contain sterol-like molecules are called?
hopanoids
