Intro to struct./funct. of Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

Alimentary Canal

A

series of hollow organs running from mouth to anus that are separated by sphincters, controlling movement

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2
Q

Aboral

A

towards anus

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3
Q

Function of Mouth

A

chop food, lubricate (saliva), begin carbohydrate digestion

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4
Q

Function of Oropharynx

A

propels food to oesophagus

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5
Q

Function of Oesophagus

A

propels food to stomach

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6
Q

Function of Stomach

A

stores and churns food, continues carbohydrate digestion, begins protein digestion, regulates the deliver of chyme to duodeum

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7
Q

Chyme

A

partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, various digestive enzymes
from bolus

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8
Q

Function of Small intestine

A

digestion and absorption of nutrients (PRINCIPLE SITE)

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9
Q

Function of Large Intestine

A

colon reabsorbs fluids/electrolytes, stores faecal matter before delivering it to the rectum

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10
Q

Function of the Rectum and Anus

A

storage and regulated expulsion of faeces

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11
Q

Accessory structures

A

Salivary glands
Pancreas
Liver and gall bladder

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12
Q

Motility

A

mechanical movements of the GI tract

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13
Q

4 layers of the digestive tract wall

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscular externa
serosa

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14
Q

Serosa

A

Releases a sticky fluid that allows sliding movement

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15
Q

Submucosa Plexus

A

Absorption + Secretin

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16
Q

Muscularis Externa

A

Circular Muscle layer
Nerve network
Longitudinal Muscle

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17
Q

Circular Muscular Contraction

A

Narrow / Long

18
Q

Longitudinal Muscle Contraction

A

Shorter / Fatter

19
Q

Muscular Mucosae Contraction

A

change in absorptive / secretory area of mucosa (folding) / mixing activity

20
Q

Taeniea Coli

A

longitudinal muscle layer presents as 3 longitudinal bands

21
Q

Junctions between smooth muscle

A

Gap junctions

22
Q

Single unit smooth muscle

A

hundreds of cells are depolarised and contract @ the same time as a synchronous wave

23
Q

Electrical activity occurs as …

A

slow waves

24
Q

Contraction is caused by

A

action potentials

25
ICCs (interstitial cells of canal)
pacemakers cells between numerous SMCs
26
Slow waves reach action potentials due to
underlying depolarisation
27
Upstroke
Ca2+ channels
28
Downstroke
K+ channels
29
Myenteric Plexus
regulates motility and sphincters
30
Submucous Plexus
modules epithelia & blood vessels
31
Key transmitters
5-HT, ACh, NO, SiP, VIP
32
3 neurones
Sensory neurones Interneurones Effector neurones
33
Effector neurones
supply 1. smooth muscle 2. secretary epithelium 3. endocrine cells 4. blood vessels
34
Intrinsic Reflex
Local reflex
35
Local reflex example
local reflex
36
Extrinsic reflex
short reflex | long reflex
37
Short reflex
Intestino-intestinal inhibitory reflex
38
Long reflex
Gastroileal reflex
39
Local reflex
peristalsis
40
Peristalsis
an orderly wave of relaxation, followed by contraction, that normally proceeds along the hut in an aboral direction - triggered distention of the gut
41
VIP & NO
relax
42
Each + SiP
exiting